地壳的

Neoproterozoic Baoxing Complex in middle to lower metamorphic grade, located in western margin of Yangtze Craton, consists mainly of metamorphic gabbroic, dioritic gneisses, tonalitic and granodioritic gneisses, and massive monzogranites The studies of petrochemistry and SmNd isotopes of Baoxing Complex reveal that the gabbroic and dioritic magmas came from a congenetic magma derived from the partial melting of spinel lherzolites in depletive mantle, and that the magma was intensively contaminated by crustal materials during its emplacement The tonalitic and granodioritic magma were derived from the partial melting of metamorphic basalts in the lower crust And the monzogranitic magma was formed from partial melting of metagreywacks Integrating the lithological association, their trace elements, SmNd isotopic characteristics and petrogenesis, the Baoxing Complex must likely have been emplaced in an island arc tectonic background at the Neoproterozoic active continental margin of Yangtze Craton

位于扬子克拉通西缘的新元古代宝兴杂岩主要由中低级变质的辉长质片麻岩、闪长质片麻岩、英云闪长质到花岗闪长质片麻岩和块状二长花岗岩组成。岩石地球化学和SmNd同位素特征表明，辉长质片麻岩和闪长质片麻岩为同源岩浆演化序列，原始岩浆起源于亏损地幔尖晶石橄榄岩的部分熔融，在上升和侵位过程中受到了地壳岩石强烈混染。英云闪长质和花岗闪长质岩浆形成于下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融，而二长花岗质岩浆形成于杂砂岩的部分熔融。综合分析宝兴杂岩的岩石组合、微量元素和同位素特征，该杂岩体最有可能形成于新元古代活动大陆边缘火山弧构造背景，并可能经历了碰撞过程。

A REE partition simulation suggests that the Tianzhushan intermediate rocks can be generated by partial melting, in coupling with fractional crystallization, of dioritic gneiss which is similar in chemical compositions to the mafic rocks in the lower crust in North Dabie; partial melting of intermediate grey gneiss which is similar in chemical compositions to the middle crust in North Dabie can generate the Tianzhushan felsic rocks.

REE配分的定量模拟计算结果表明，与基性下地壳相似的北大别基性闪长质片麻岩部分熔融并经过结晶分异能够形成与天柱山中性岩类似的稀土元素组成，而与中性地壳相似的北大别中性灰色片麻岩部分熔融能够形成与天柱山花岗岩类似的稀土元素组成。

There is a long standing debate about the magma origin of Lutao. Two different models of crust contamination and source contamination are proposed. Combining helium results with strontium ratios of Lutao lavas, it shows that Lutao arc magma has experienced approximately 5% of crust contamination.

绿岛岩浆成因长久以来存在有地壳混染或是源区混染的争论，本研究利用绿岛斜辉石及堇青石巨晶的3He/4He比值及其母岩浆的87Sr/86Sr比值，得到了绿岛岩浆经历过5%左右地壳混染的结果。

Teleseismic conversion and multiple waves recorded by the INDEPTH-Ⅲ seismic array have been used to investigate the crustal thickness and V/V ratios of the central Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

对INDEPTH-Ⅲ台站的接收函数进行扫描，利用Moho界面产生的转换波和多次波的走时信息，估计台站下方的地壳平均波速比V/V和地壳厚度。

Teleseismic conversion and multiple waves recorded by the INDEPTHⅢ seismic array have been used to investigate the crustal thickness and VP/VS ratios of the central Qinghai_Xizang Plateau.

对INDEPTHⅢ台站的接收函数进行扫描，利用Moho界面产生的转换波和多次波的走时信息，估计台站下方的地壳平均波速比VP/VS和地壳厚度。

This suggests the incomplete welding of the sides of the fault by the granitic intrusion along it,which afterwards permitted the reactivation of the fault,probably due to the relatively independent movement of the faulted blocks,as a dextral transcurrent fault.

这意味着稍早的花岗岩侵入体冷凝冷却并没有完全焊接地壳内一些大尺度断层，地壳断块的相对独立活动可以造成沿着这些断层发生与区域变形场不协调的右行走向滑动，进而形成岩墙群弧形展布所需要的地应力场。

There are, as we have mentioned, attachments to the neighborhood which hold the Earth in place and resist movement.

在极移开始的时候，地球的核心和地壳是连在一起的，因此对地壳移动的速度有个拖累作用。

The granulite xenoliths, as the product of basaltic underplating and the representative of the present-day lower crust, are different from the local Archean granulite terrains There is a systematic variation of Sr-Nd isotopes from the granulites to the pyroxenites and the peridotites, indicating the possible crust-mantle interaction beneath Hannuoba area.

麻粒岩类捕掳体所代表的年轻大陆下地壳为玄武质底垫作用的产物，与麻粒岩地体所代表的古老大陆下地壳不同。橄榄岩类捕掳体则具亏损特征，辉石岩类捕掳体的性质介于麻粒岩类和橄榄岩类捕掳体之间，但石榴子石辉石岩显示了其特殊性。

The strike of Huanghai block and Huaihai block in the east mainly tends towards north-east, while the strike of Shanxi block and the eastern edge of Ordos block in the west mainly tends towards north-west.(3) According to the feature of Moho, the crust of the research zone can be divided into six parts in the Shanxi block, Moho looks like a nearly north-south sunk belt, and the crust is thick; at the southern edge of the Inner Mongolia block and in the south of Yanshan block, Moho presents the structural features of fold belt, tending nearly towards east-west; at the eastern edge of Ordos block, the structure of Moho is relatively complex with nearly northwest folds.

3根据莫霍面的形态特征，研究区地壳可大致划分为6个区块；在山西地块范围内，莫霍面呈近南北向的凹陷带，地壳厚度大；内蒙古地块南缘和燕山地块南部，莫霍面表现出褶皱带的构造特征，其延展趋势为近东西方向；鄂尔多斯地块东缘，莫霍面构造相对复杂，呈近北西向凸、凹相伴的褶皱；黄淮海地块为莫霍面隆坳区，隆、坳相间排列，构造较复杂，但从整体上看，这是全区莫霍面最浅的隆起区段；鲁西台背斜主要为莫霍面断陷区，其断陷带沿枣庄－曲阜一线向北西方向延伸。

Based on these results, we analyzed seismic activity along subsurface faults and within crust, lateral variations of velocity anomalies at different depths and their relations with geological tectonics, crustal anisotropy of the mantle anomalous area beneath the west Tien Shan and possible dynamic mechanism.

以此为基础，我们分析了浅表层断裂和地壳深部的构造活动、不同深度速度异常的横向变化与重要地质构造的关系、天山西部地幔异常区地壳深部的各向异性特征和可能的深部动力机制等。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。