地壳断裂

Geothermal gradients of the basins in the eastern of Algin Rift were higher than those of the basins in western of Algin Rift in Late Mesozoic,and tectonic activities were stronger,indicating a strong regional tectonic thermal event.The basins on the western of Algin Rift were all compressive depressions,their geothermal gradients were lower.

中生代晚期阿尔金断裂以东沉积盆地地温梯度普遍高于阿尔金断裂以西沉积盆地，构造活动性强，强烈的构造运动引发了岩浆活动及地壳深部热活动，表明存在一期强烈的具有区域规模的构造热事件；阿尔金断裂以西为挤压坳陷型盆地，地温梯度普遍较低。

After studying the fault displacement distribution of Northern Linear Anticlinal Zone and Qiulitage Thrust Front, their mean crustal horizontal shortening rates are estimated as 37.1% and 36% respectively.

断裂位移场的研究表明北部线性背斜带平均地壳水平缩短率为37.1％，丘里塔格前锋带东丘里塔格段的平均地壳水平缩短率为36％。

The research shows that in the Yinggehai basin, the formation of CO_(2) reservoir which is crust-sourced and crust-mental-mixed-sourced, mainly controlled by local action of hot fluid in the mud diapir area which is multi terms and multi zones and by physical-chemical mechanism of very thick marine calcareous sandstone and mudstone of Pliocene-Miocene. The volcano- and mantle-sourced CO_(2) in the Qiongdongnan basin and Pearl River Mouth basin is mainly controlled by volcanos activities and by the exist of large faults which reached to base to connect the gas from the mantle. According to different mechanism ang formation of reservoir os the the crustal rock-chemical genesis and volcano-and mantle-sourced CO_(2), we can follow the source of it, analysis and predict the migration and accumulation and distribution model of gas and espacially CO_(2), so as to help to make the plan of petroleum exploration and reduce the risk of exploration.

认为：莺歌海盆地壳源型及壳幔混合型CO2的形成及富集成藏，主要受控于泥底辟热流体晚期分层、分块和多期的局部上侵活动，和巨厚的上新统—中新统海相含钙砂泥岩的物理化学综合作用，且CO2运聚分布规律亦具多期和分层、分区的特点；琼东南盆地东部及珠江口盆地火山幔源成因型CO2则主要受控于幔源型火山活动和沟通深部气源的基底深大断裂的导气配置作用，CO2运聚富集规律与幔源型火山活动及深大断裂的发育展布密切相关，CO2主要来自地壳深部幔源火山活动所伴生的大量CO2；因此，根据壳源岩石化学成因型CO2与火山幔源成因型CO2不同成因机理及成藏条件，可以追踪CO2气源，可分析和预测天然气尤其是CO2的运聚分布规律，可为天然气勘探部署及决策提供依据，可减少和降低勘探风险。

Through the experiments of three kinds of models mentioned above, the structural deformations of "outflow-extension","strike-slip-extension" and "uplifting-extension" are studied and some viewpoints involving that the plastic flow in the lower lithosphere controls the extensional structures are stated as follows:(1) Regional extensional structure does not result from the direct extension along the upper crust, but from the plastic flow in the lower lithosphere and its dragging and stretching the upper crust;(2) Deformation of continental extensional structure resulted from the active uplifting of mantle is conditional that the significant extension occurs only in the models with free- or outflow-boundary condition on both sides, whereas the passive uplining of mantle exists widely, because it is an inevitable consequence of the efiect of thermo-gravity isostasy;(3) Strike-slip shearing in the lower ductile lithosphere, including site-restricted and site-unrestricted shearing, can result in various types of extension structures;(4) The"graben-horst"type extensional structures can be formed in difierent mechanisms, including outnow-extension, shear-extension, uplifting-extension and their synthetical action.

通过上述三种模型的模拟试验，比较系统地研究了"泄流-伸展"、"走滑-伸展"和"上隆-伸展"等构造变形，提出岩石圈下层塑性流动控制了各种伸展构造变形的观点，主要包括以下几方面：(1)区域性伸展构造不是上层直接受到拉伸，主要是下层流动牵引上层伸展；(2)地幔主动上隆引起大陆伸展构造变形是有条件的，需要侧边伸展或不受约束的边界条件，而被动上隆广泛存在于地壳断裂或减薄部位，是热和重力均衡的必然结果；(3)下层塑性流动中的走滑剪切，包括限位剪切或非限位剪切，可以引起不同型式的伸展构造；(4)总结了"堑-垒"型伸展构造的多种成因机制，包括泄流、走滑、上隆及综合作用均可形成"堑-垒"构造，但组合形式不尽相同。

In this paper,a combined study was curried out for interpreting structure,distribution and tension of fault, wave field effect, heat state and nonelastic medium by explosion seismic Sounding, ZD and 3D long period surface waves of earthquake,magnetotelluric deep sounding,heat flow survey,the mechanism of tectonic movement and deep internal processes in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

地壳到地幔速度结构的纵向结构变化，横向分区和走时残差随深度的显著变化，板块边界的地球物理异常场效应，垂直向差异显著的地壳结构与深大断裂体系，低速层的变异、分布、尖灭与缺失，以及近代火山活动地区典型的地热活动特征等，不仅说明构造异常，而且也说明了青藏高原地壳与上地幔在纵向与横向上都不均匀。

By means of different subjects and te chniques,the paper makes an overall study on the crustal stability of Beihuaiyang region and its adjace nt areas from the aspects of current t ectonic stress fields,principal fa ult structures,analysis of regional fa ults and neotectonic activity,seis mic activity and numerical modeling,etc.

运用多学科、多技术相结合的研究方法，从现今构造应力场特征、现代地壳形变特征、主干断裂构造以及区域断裂活动性分析、新构造运动、地震活动、数值模拟等方面入手，对北淮阳及其邻接区地壳稳定性进行了全面而系统的研究，指出本区地震活动受走滑活动断裂控制，中、强地震集中于区内东南部和西北部NW向与NE向断裂交汇处；第四纪无大规模差异升降运动；数值模拟等综合分析表明，信阳地区的区域构造稳定性高，现代地壳形变量小，应力平缓，地震活动少且弱。

On the basis of lithosphere dynamics, it is possible to deduce whether the boundary fault cuts through the Moho into the upper mantle of the lithosphere or not, and it is also possible to get the distributions of the values of Te in the study area by gravity tomography. Therefore, it helps to further understand the deep lithospheric geodynamical features in this study area.

通过岩石圈动力学理论，不仅可以推断边界断裂是地壳断裂还是地幔断裂，而且可以通过重力反演得到该区岩石圈有效弹性厚度的分布特征，从而进一步了解该区深部岩石圈形变特征。

Near post 47km there is a high dip angle fault stretching from the lower part of the upper crust to the top of the crust_mantle transitional zone. This strike_slip fault has a direct bearing on the occurrence of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm and is an inferred causative fault for the swarm (1997) according to this study.

剖面47km桩号附近，上地壳下部至壳幔过渡带以上地壳范围内存在一条高倾角的深断裂，具有走滑性质，本研究认为该深断裂与1997年伽师强震群的发生密切相关，推断它为伽师强震群的发震构造。

The present configuration of the rift, which dates from the mid-Pleistocene epoch, is probably a result of a rifting process associated with thermal currents in the earth's mantle elongated depression, trough, or graben in the earth's crust, bounded on both sides by normal faults and occurring on the continents or under the oceans.

目前的断裂结构，显示来自中世纪，也许是由于断裂的过程中与热气流在地球地幔被低压延伸到地壳地堑中，位于断层的两侧正常断裂并且断裂发在陆地或者海洋。

The relationship between mantle fluid and U ore-forming was studied preliminarily,according to the results,the author considered theΣCO_2 of mineralizer and heat source came from mantle,which is because upwelling mantle forced by crustal extention and deep-seated faulting produced melt blending with lower crust,during this process,mantle provided the heat and releaseΣCO_2 to crust through outgassing.U mainly came from mantle-curst fluid formed by mantle-curst melt blending and the wall rock during fluid uplift.H_2O mainly generated from mantle fluid and the wall rock during mantle fluid uplift,and partly from atmospheric water in the late period of ore-forming.

初步探讨了地幔流体与铀成矿作用的关系，认为矿化剂∑CO_2和热源来源于地幔，是地壳拉张和深大断裂活动导致部分熔融地幔上涌，与下地壳产生壳幔混熔作用，在混熔过程中提供热量和向地壳&去气&释放∑CO_2；U主要来源于壳幔混熔形成的壳幔混合流体和流体上升途经的围岩；H_2O主要来源于地幔流体、地幔流体上升途经的围岩，在成矿晚期有部分来源于大气降水。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。