地壳块

The research shows that in the Yinggehai basin, the formation of CO_(2) reservoir which is crust-sourced and crust-mental-mixed-sourced, mainly controlled by local action of hot fluid in the mud diapir area which is multi terms and multi zones and by physical-chemical mechanism of very thick marine calcareous sandstone and mudstone of Pliocene-Miocene. The volcano- and mantle-sourced CO_(2) in the Qiongdongnan basin and Pearl River Mouth basin is mainly controlled by volcanos activities and by the exist of large faults which reached to base to connect the gas from the mantle. According to different mechanism ang formation of reservoir os the the crustal rock-chemical genesis and volcano-and mantle-sourced CO_(2), we can follow the source of it, analysis and predict the migration and accumulation and distribution model of gas and espacially CO_(2), so as to help to make the plan of petroleum exploration and reduce the risk of exploration.

认为：莺歌海盆地壳源型及壳幔混合型CO2的形成及富集成藏，主要受控于泥底辟热流体晚期分层、分块和多期的局部上侵活动，和巨厚的上新统—中新统海相含钙砂泥岩的物理化学综合作用，且CO2运聚分布规律亦具多期和分层、分区的特点；琼东南盆地东部及珠江口盆地火山幔源成因型CO2则主要受控于幔源型火山活动和沟通深部气源的基底深大断裂的导气配置作用，CO2运聚富集规律与幔源型火山活动及深大断裂的发育展布密切相关，CO2主要来自地壳深部幔源火山活动所伴生的大量CO2；因此，根据壳源岩石化学成因型CO2与火山幔源成因型CO2不同成因机理及成藏条件，可以追踪CO2气源，可分析和预测天然气尤其是CO2的运聚分布规律，可为天然气勘探部署及决策提供依据，可减少和降低勘探风险。

Except for Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions, the results derived from lithospheric isostasy model are closer to observed elevations and consistent with vertical velocities of crustal movement in most tectonic units.

通过对均衡状态分析，我们得到以下主要结论：(1)构造稳定地区均衡程度较高；(2)青藏高原及周边造山带现今地壳运动主要为区域构造过程及深部动力学过程所控制，均衡调整过程不是主要控制因素；(3)现今地壳垂直运动比较明显的块体处于均衡调整阶段，地表垂直运动的大小反映了该区所受的均衡力作用的程度；(4)构造稳定地区基于岩石层均衡的理论计算海拔与观测海拔之差值和现今地壳垂直运动速率有较好的相关性，据此我们可以通过均衡分析研究构造块体的运动趋势和动力学性质；(5)地慢热结构对现今地形、海拔及地壳垂直运动有显著影响，在处理均衡问题时，地慢岩石圈热结构是我们必须考虑的重要因素。

On the background of collision between India plate and Eurasia plate and uplifting of Tibet, the viscosity lower crustal flow induced crust thicken extensively, and driven upper middleup crust break into some big and small subblocks. The continental deformation features in SYR, including remotion of rigid subblock through the movement of huge slip faults and extensive crustal thickening, are not fit "Crustal thickening" mode or "Continental extrusion" mode.

川滇地区的大陆变形特征既存在广泛的地壳增厚现象，同时在下地壳塑性流动的驱动下，中、上地壳破碎成大小不一的块体，变形特征表现出整体刚性，因而不能简单地套用"地壳增厚"或"大陆逃逸"模式。

One of them refers to the rotation about vertical axes of crustal blocks in continental areas of diffuse deformation.

第一个是扩散变形的大陆地区其地壳块体绕垂直轴的旋转的问题。

Whereas the high conductive layer in the northern crust is connected with Asian continent′s resistance against the northward underthrust of India plate and the southward underthrusting of Asian continent.

研究区内的冈底斯及羌塘地体的中、下地壳普遍发育高导层，反映了印度大陆碰撞、俯冲过程的效应与痕迹，而高导层之下的高阻块体则可能是向北俯冲、冷的、刚性的印度大陆地壳。

In this project, we have deduced the joint inversion model of geodetic data, seismic data and geological data considering about their weight ratio; presented Bayes-iterative search inversion algorithm which improved on the traditional Bayes algorithm and strengthen the stability of inversion solutions; enriched and developed geodetic joint inversion theory and method of tectonic stress field; joint with geodetic, seismic, geological and geophysical data, we have inverted the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of crustal deformation of active tectonic blocks in North China and the present-day cruatal movement and strain-stress field by FEM, DDA and bi-cubic spline function fit method; especial for the crustal deformation result in some typical areas, we have presented geodynamical interpretation and done some seismic dangerous estimations.

大地测量联合反演构造应力场属于大地测量与地球动力学和地震学的交叉研究领域，主要内容是研究用大地测量地壳运动监测数据定量研究地壳运动和变形的动力学问题及分析预测地震，本项目推导了兼顾权比确定的大地测量、地震和地质三类数据的联合反演模型；提出贝叶斯-轮回搜索反演算法，改进传统的贝叶斯方法，改善反演解的稳定性；丰富、发展了大地测量反演构造应力场理论及方法；联合大地测量、地震、地质、地球物理数据采用有限单元法、块体不连续变形分析法和双三次样条函数拟合方法反演分析了华北地区活动地块运动时空变化特征以及中国大陆现今地壳运动与应变-应力场，对典型地区地表形变结果进行地球动力学解释并进行地震危险性估计。

The geological and geophysical data show that in the lower crust of young continental tectonic units may occur pervasive, non-seismic, subhorizontal and ductile flow related to thermal softening. The laminar flow drives fault-block movement of the upper crust, results in the formation of orogenic belts and sedimentary basins, and causes coupling between ductile lower crust and brittle upper crust/mantle.

大量的地质和地球物理资料表明，年轻的大陆构造活动区的下地壳可能因热软化而出现透入性非地震式顺层韧性流动，这种下地壳层流作用驱动大陆上地壳发生地震式脆性断块运动，形成盆山格局，发生圈层耦合。

In this paper, the stress and strain fields of lithosphere in Himalayan Western Syntaxis orogenic belt and its adjacent areas since 10Ma are investigated through using the 3-D finite-element simulation, and deformation and evolution process in former 2Ma are simulated with different rheological parameters and rheological structure. Studies on functions in simulation process of different viscosity parameters, constitutive relation and changes of initial curst thickness show below results:(1) When various viscoelastic models are adopted, the selection of the coefficient of viscosity in the Western Syntaxis area has important influence on the its uplifts and evolutions. The computational results show that the viscosity in the Western Syntaxis area should be smaller than 1023Pa·s;(2) When the elastic model is adopted in relatively rigid Tarim basin, obvious changes are induced to the stress and strain fields of the whole Western Syntaxis area;(3) The existence of mechanical property stable block doesn′t make the propagation of the stress field show obvious decoupling phenomenon.

用数值模拟的方法探讨了自10 Ma以来喜马拉雅弧形造山带的西构造结及邻区岩石圈的形变和位移变化特征，并采用不同的流变参数和流变结构模拟了前2 Ma内的形变和应力场的演化过程，通过对不同黏性系数、本构关系和初始地壳厚度的改变在演化过程中所起的作用研究表明：（1）采用黏弹性模型时，西构造结区黏性参数的选取对西构造结及邻区隆升高度和隆升范围有重要影响，计算结果给出西构造结区地壳黏性系数应小于1023Pa·s；（2）相对刚性的塔里木盆地采用弹性结构时，对整个西构造结区域的应力和应变场均能引致明显变化；（3）力学性质稳定块体的存在并没有使应力场的传播出现明显的解耦现象。

This paper discusses the structural characteristics of "block-zone mosaicking and multi-layer superimposition" of the continental crust of China and its multi-stage tectonic evolution.

初步探讨了中国大陆地壳&块带镶嵌多层叠覆&的结构特征和多阶段的构造演化过程。

Moreover, strong anisotropy is observed in the north and southcentral Tien Shan. Fast Pn velocity in the southcentral Tien Shan is nearly in NS directions, which is consistent with the SKS wave anisotropy concerning mantle flow. However, fast Pn velocity directions in the northcentral Tien Shan show a southward rotation variation. We estimate that it is probably related to the inserting of the crust of the Chu basin from the southern Kazakhstan platform to the central Tien Shan, which caused a change of stress fields and lithosphere deformation.

中天山北部和南部的各向异性也存在一定的差异，南部各向异性的快波方向为近南北方向，与SKS波的各向异性特征基本一致，反映了地幔物质的迁移方向；北部各向异性的快波方向呈向南凸出的旋转趋势，估计与哈萨克地台南缘楚河盆地地壳块体向天山挤入造成应力场的改变和岩石层变形有关。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。