地壳

However, relating to investigate the modes, courses and characteristics of the orogenetic process in Paleozoic and after orogenetic process, the cognitive divergence have still occurred.

通过对新疆北东部地区不同构造区带构造作用的方式、过程和特点的研究，确定：①南天山榆树沟高压麻粒岩地体的正变质原岩是一个基本完整的蛇绿岩套，其经历了俯冲至下地壳的高压麻粒岩相、构造抬升至深地壳麻粒岩相以及快速构造折返至角闪岩相的变质过程，代表了南天山洋壳俯冲、变质、随后折返的过程，并首次确定了变质过程的PTt轨迹；②奥陶纪末期中天山北缘发生洋盆俯冲、地体增生作用，此时萨日达拉地区处于岛弧活动带；中石炭世晚期中天山小型洋盆关闭，准噶尔地块与伊犁—中天山板块斜向对接随后发生脆韧性质近水平高温低速右行走滑剪切；③根据巴音沟地区不构成蛇绿岩套有效成分的硅质岩具有与活动大陆边缘密切相关的地球化学特征以及洋中脊玄武岩显示其岩浆源区受到消减带流体交代作用的影响，结合区域地质资料，首次提出巴音沟蛇绿岩带所代表的洋盆古构造环境为弧后盆地，并于早石炭世至中石炭世末期间，经历了扩张、收缩和闭合过程；④首次在克拉麦里蛇绿混杂岩带中分解出具有N-MORB、T-MORB与OIB三种不同类型的火山岩岩石组合，反映了洋盆俯冲

On the basis of an integrated analysis of the geochemical features of these volcanic rock associations,this paper concludes that thebasalts originated mainly from interaction between mantle-derived magma and low-crustal materials, and rhyolitic volcanic rocks resulted from thermal and chemical interaction between basaltic magma and the upper part of crustal materials.Basalts and rhyolites in different cycles have different source regions,and they are products of multiperiodic pulsive layer partial melting.

根据对火山岩地球化学特征的综合分析表明，玄武岩主要为幔源岩浆与下部地壳岩石相互作用的产物，而流纹岩则为玄武岩浆与上部地壳物质进行热及成分交换的结果，不同旋回的玄武岩和流纹岩有不同的源区，为多次脉动分层部分熔融的产物。

The Crustal Deformation possesses with the space, surface and deep stereometric system, and has the unprecedentedly powerful capability for exactly determining the current crust movement second?

地壳形变学已拥有空间―地面―深部立体测地系统，具有在多种空间尺度内精确测定现今地壳运动秒？

Airy Hypothesis: A mode of compensation for isostasy in which topographically elevated areas are compensated by underlying "roots" of crustal material penetrating into the higher density subcrust.

艾里假说：地壳均衡补偿的一种模式，认为地形升高的区域可由它下面扎入更高密度地壳物质形成的&根&来补偿。

In this paper, the stress and strain fields of lithosphere in Himalayan Western Syntaxis orogenic belt and its adjacent areas since 10Ma are investigated through using the 3-D finite-element simulation, and deformation and evolution process in former 2Ma are simulated with different rheological parameters and rheological structure. Studies on functions in simulation process of different viscosity parameters, constitutive relation and changes of initial curst thickness show below results:(1) When various viscoelastic models are adopted, the selection of the coefficient of viscosity in the Western Syntaxis area has important influence on the its uplifts and evolutions. The computational results show that the viscosity in the Western Syntaxis area should be smaller than 1023Pa·s;(2) When the elastic model is adopted in relatively rigid Tarim basin, obvious changes are induced to the stress and strain fields of the whole Western Syntaxis area;(3) The existence of mechanical property stable block doesn′t make the propagation of the stress field show obvious decoupling phenomenon.

用数值模拟的方法探讨了自10 Ma以来喜马拉雅弧形造山带的西构造结及邻区岩石圈的形变和位移变化特征，并采用不同的流变参数和流变结构模拟了前2 Ma内的形变和应力场的演化过程，通过对不同黏性系数、本构关系和初始地壳厚度的改变在演化过程中所起的作用研究表明：（1）采用黏弹性模型时，西构造结区黏性参数的选取对西构造结及邻区隆升高度和隆升范围有重要影响，计算结果给出西构造结区地壳黏性系数应小于1023Pa·s；（2）相对刚性的塔里木盆地采用弹性结构时，对整个西构造结区域的应力和应变场均能引致明显变化；（3）力学性质稳定块体的存在并没有使应力场的传播出现明显的解耦现象。

In the upper crust the fast wave directions follow geological trends. In the low velocity zones of lower crust and uppermost mantle, remarkable anisotrpy depicts the large-scale horizontal flow around east Himalayan syntaxis.

在上地壳内，快波方向与地表构造形迹基本一致；在中下地壳和上地幔顶部低速层内，各向异性非常显著，表明围绕喜马拉雅东构造结发生大规模的水平向流动。

The space between stations is about 3-20 km.The crust and upper mantle structure down to 100 km deep along our profile is obtained from our teleseismic waveform data in terms of the receiver function method.

利用记录的远震P波波形数据和接收函数方法，获得了沿剖面100km深度范围内地壳上地幔S波速度结构以及地壳上地幔一级间断面的形态。

Teleseismic conversion and multiple waves recorded by the INDEPTH-Ⅲ seismic array have been used to investigate the crustal thickness and V/V ratios of the central Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

对INDEPTH-Ⅲ台站的接收函数进行扫描，利用Moho界面产生的转换波和多次波的走时信息，估计台站下方的地壳平均波速比V/V和地壳厚度。

Teleseismic conversion and multiple waves recorded by the INDEPTHⅢ seismic array have been used to investigate the crustal thickness and VP/VS ratios of the central Qinghai_Xizang Plateau.

对INDEPTHⅢ台站的接收函数进行扫描，利用Moho界面产生的转换波和多次波的走时信息，估计台站下方的地壳平均波速比VP/VS和地壳厚度。

This suggests the incomplete welding of the sides of the fault by the granitic intrusion along it,which afterwards permitted the reactivation of the fault,probably due to the relatively independent movement of the faulted blocks,as a dextral transcurrent fault.

这意味着稍早的花岗岩侵入体冷凝冷却并没有完全焊接地壳内一些大尺度断层，地壳断块的相对独立活动可以造成沿着这些断层发生与区域变形场不协调的右行走向滑动，进而形成岩墙群弧形展布所需要的地应力场。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。