地壳

This means that the crust floats in a state of equilibrium, called isostasy.

当高层的物质被地质作用侵蚀，下层的地壳便升起来以作补偿。

The calculation shows that the increase of heat gradient,over the depth of isostasy, will cause the negative gravity anomaly.

定量计算表明，在均衡深度以上，局部地壳地热梯度的增加将产生重力负异常。

Various hypotheses about isostasy take into account density, thickness, and pressure variations to explain topographic variations among lithospheric plates.

有关地壳均衡的多种假说考虑到密度、厚度和并用压力变化来解释岩石圈板块间的地形变化。

Incorporating lithospheric mantle effect into isostasy model, we analyzed the isostasy state of 20 tectonic units in China continent.

本文基于岩石圈尺度的质量平衡模型研究了中国大陆20个构造单元地壳及地幔岩石圈对地形海拔的贡献，以及各块体的均衡状态。

The seismogenic depth is the depth in which the isostasy of the top of the upper crust is broken, namely the depth is about 20 km.

该地区强震的优势发震深度即为上地壳顶面处均衡被打破的深度，即20km左右。

In central Himalaya, massif was mainly uplifted in the tectonic model of channel flow during 17~7 Ma at a velocity of ~2 mm/a, then was extruded to earth surface at a much lower velocity. In eastern Himalaya Syntaxis, massif was mainly uplifted in the structural style of titling at a background of isostasy since 4.0~2.2 Ma.

喜马拉雅中段主要在17~7 Ma前以通道流的方式快速隆升，之后的抬升过程相对缓慢；东喜马拉雅构造结则主要在3 Ma以来，以地壳均衡作用为背景的掀斜式抬升为主要隆升模式。

Geotherm ; gravity anomaly ; isostasy ; tectonic movement

地热；重力异常；地壳均衡；构造运动

Through the experiments of three kinds of models mentioned above, the structural deformations of "outflow-extension","strike-slip-extension" and "uplifting-extension" are studied and some viewpoints involving that the plastic flow in the lower lithosphere controls the extensional structures are stated as follows:(1) Regional extensional structure does not result from the direct extension along the upper crust, but from the plastic flow in the lower lithosphere and its dragging and stretching the upper crust;(2) Deformation of continental extensional structure resulted from the active uplifting of mantle is conditional that the significant extension occurs only in the models with free- or outflow-boundary condition on both sides, whereas the passive uplining of mantle exists widely, because it is an inevitable consequence of the efiect of thermo-gravity isostasy;(3) Strike-slip shearing in the lower ductile lithosphere, including site-restricted and site-unrestricted shearing, can result in various types of extension structures;(4) The"graben-horst"type extensional structures can be formed in difierent mechanisms, including outnow-extension, shear-extension, uplifting-extension and their synthetical action.

通过上述三种模型的模拟试验，比较系统地研究了"泄流-伸展"、"走滑-伸展"和"上隆-伸展"等构造变形，提出岩石圈下层塑性流动控制了各种伸展构造变形的观点，主要包括以下几方面：(1)区域性伸展构造不是上层直接受到拉伸，主要是下层流动牵引上层伸展；(2)地幔主动上隆引起大陆伸展构造变形是有条件的，需要侧边伸展或不受约束的边界条件，而被动上隆广泛存在于地壳断裂或减薄部位，是热和重力均衡的必然结果；(3)下层塑性流动中的走滑剪切，包括限位剪切或非限位剪切，可以引起不同型式的伸展构造；(4)总结了"堑-垒"型伸展构造的多种成因机制，包括泄流、走滑、上隆及综合作用均可形成"堑-垒"构造，但组合形式不尽相同。

There is also a hint of a line of seismicity off the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula and some activity in the Kerguelen Plateau (in the Indian Ocean "northeast" from the Pole).

曾有沿南极洲半岛西海岸存在地震带以及克格伦海台（位于印度洋自南极东北方向）某些地壳活动的征兆。

Natural diamonds often exist in the Kimberlite pipes of the mantle, where often contain the inorganic elements--- sulfur. So the inclusions of natural diamonds are always carbonate minerals and sulfide. Undoubtedly, the study of the additive sulfur action in the course of synthesizing diamond will further our understanding the reason of natural germ formation.

天然金刚石多产生于地壳中的金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩，该岩层中含有非金属元素硫，天然金刚石中的包裹体通常为硅酸盐矿物和硫化物[41]，因此研究添加剂硫在合成金刚石中的影响是认识天然金刚石成因的重要方面。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。