地壳

The high-grade metamorphic terrain of Hengshan located at the hinderland of North China Carton in northern part of Shanxi province, China, is a middle-lower crustal transition area of the typical continental crustal profiles of the Wutaishan—Hengshan—Datong—Jining of the early Precambrian etamorphic terrain in China.The Hengshan gneisses of the amphibolite—granulite facieses metamorphic terrain consist of the TTG gneisses and the horizontal adding mantle materials. The Supracrustal rocks in this area are composed of the mafic volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks. The plenty of granitoid magma activities are the result of anatexes.

中文题名恒山中深变质岩区构造样式副题名外文题名 Tectonic styles of the high-grade metamorphic terrain of Hengshan 论文作者苗培森导师宋鸿林教授学科专业构造地质学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国地质大学学位授予日期2001 论文页码总数88页关键词中深变质岩区构造地质恒山区域构造地质馆藏号BSLW /2003 /P548 /4 位于华北克拉通近中部的恒山中深变质岩区，亦即恒山高级变质岩区，是从五台山—恒山—大同—内蒙集宁这一浅变质岩区至中深变质岩区的我国早前寒武纪典型大陆地壳剖面代表中下地壳过渡带的地区。

The gravitation relation which the axis of rotation between moon and earth is out of the vertical has make the earth's crust move in sine curve and result in many mystery, such as reversion of magnetic field of the earth's crust, coal in South Pole, ice age of Africa, furthermore the continual earthquake which has occurred for more than 5,000,000 times on the earth.

月亮与地球自转轴不垂直的引力关系，使地壳弦动从而导致如地壳磁场逆转，南极有煤，非洲有冰川期等许多自然之谜的发生，更使得地球每年有500多万次大小地震的频繁发生。

Therefore, to study the information of responses of aquifer to the crustal stress-strain is of a great theory and practice significance in understanding the mechanism of energy transport in the hydrogeologic-related crustal deformation zone and exploring the short-term and imminent forerunning affects of earthquake.

因此，研究含水层的地壳应力应变信息响应，对深入认识地壳水文地质变形区中能量传递的机理、对探索捕捉地震短临前兆具有重要的理论及实际意义。

Many crustal zircons have the age (up to 2770Ma) that is much earlier than the formation of ophiolite considered by previous researchers, indicated the abundant subduction crust components occur in the zircons separated, which was preserved in the mantle, and outcropped with the mantle cycle process.

纯橄岩样品四个测点得到加权平均值为130.0±2.8Ma，属早白垩世，代表了纯橄岩的结晶年龄；研究中发现许多地壳成因的古老锆石(最老可达太古代2770Ma)，远远早于目前主流观点中蛇绿岩的形成时间中生代晚期，综合考虑认为所选锆石有大量俯冲地壳成分，在地幔中保存，后随地幔循环运移出露地表。

Pb-Sr-Nd isotope tracing shows that the source of magma in the island-arc belt of Zhongdian area belongs to crust-mantle mixed type. The proportion of mantle material is 59.5% crust's is 40.5%. Similarly, for the Cenozoic alkaline-enriched porphyries, the source of magma is crust-mantle mixed type, but the proportion of mantle material is increased to 54.3%.

通过Pb-Sr-Nd同位素示踪，发现中甸地区岛弧带岩浆物质来源为壳幔混合型，印支期的地幔物质的比例m平均值为59.5％，地壳物质的为40.5％；剑川、北衙等地的新生代富碱斑岩的m值平均54.3％，也表现为壳幔混合型，但与印支期火山-侵入杂岩相比，其地壳物质的比例增高。

The earth is a complicated system, and it has been continuously moving differentiating and evolving since it had been formed. Not only has the earth layering structure, but it has vertical movement of materials. The movement is prompted by the mechanism of force and heat of the centrifugal force to be formed by the rotation and revolution of the earth, and difference of temperature, pressure, density, viscosity and velocity in the between core and mantle, and radioactive heat, et al. The expressive means of the mechanism of force and heat are the precesses of mantle plume and mantle fluid. Not only are ore-materials of core and mantle carried directly into crust, but ore-materials of crust are activated and accumulated into proper location by the mantle fluid having the supercritical nature.

地球是一个复杂的系统，自形成以来，一直处于不停地运动、分异和演化过程；它不仅存在着圈层结构，而且伴随其自转和公转的离心力，以及核幔间的温度差、压力差、密度差、粘度差、速度差和放射性蜕变热等动热机制，同时存在着以地幔柱和地幔流体作用方式的物质垂向运动；这一过程，不仅直接向地壳带入核幔成矿物质，而且通过流体自身的超临界性质，将沿途活化已有初步富集的成矿物质转移至地壳适宜部位集中成矿。

However, a group of gently west-inclined high-conductive layers, with a conductivity, of 0.04-0.25 S/m and a top depth of 20 km and a bottom depth of 40 km, were discovered under the high-resistance block of Hengshan Mountain.

底面深约40km。研究结果表明，华北裂谷盆地范围内地壳的电阻率很低，属于良导电性的地壳，这可能是由华北裂谷盆地的壳、幔热结构、热状态所决定的。

Such features are typical of ancient lower continental crust, e.g., Archean granulite terranes that experienced extensive U-Th loss and developed time-integrated low radiogenic Pb compositions. The occurrence of the west Ujimqin andesites indicates the existence of ancient continental lower crust beneath the NE China fold belt.4 The Mesozoic granitoids in the Zhangguangcai Range and Jiamusi block have lower Nd ε_(Nd =-3.5～+ 2.1, T_ = 1.0～1.27Ga and highly radiogenic Pb and Sr isotopic composition ~(206Pb/~(204)Pb = 18.4～18.9,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr = 0.705～0.711, suggesting that the pelagic sediments of the Paleo-Asian Ocean or their metamorphosed derivates were an important component in the region.5 The Pb isotope mapping results show that the mafic rocks in the northern Hinggan Mountains have higher and weakly variable ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb ratios than those from the southern Hinggan Mountains and the Liaoyuan-Yanji area.

该套岩石的出现为证明东北地区存在古老大陆下地壳提供了重要证据。4张广才岭-佳木斯地区中生代花岗岩表现出低ε_(-3.5～+2.1)、高T_(1.0～1.27Ga)和高放射成因Sr~(87Sr/~(86)Sr=0.705～0.711和Pb同位素组成~(206Pb/~(204)Pb=18.4～18.9，反映了古亚洲洋远洋沉积物或变沉积岩为区域地壳的重要组分之一。5同位素填图结果表明，大兴安岭北区基性火山岩表现出较高且变化小的~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb比值；而南兴安岭-辽源-延吉地区中生代基性火山岩整体上表现出相对北区低~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb同位素比值特征。

Near post 47km there is a high dip angle fault stretching from the lower part of the upper crust to the top of the crust_mantle transitional zone. This strike_slip fault has a direct bearing on the occurrence of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm and is an inferred causative fault for the swarm (1997) according to this study.

剖面47km桩号附近，上地壳下部至壳幔过渡带以上地壳范围内存在一条高倾角的深断裂，具有走滑性质，本研究认为该深断裂与1997年伽师强震群的发生密切相关，推断它为伽师强震群的发震构造。

There are, as we have mentioned, attachments to the neighborhood which hold the Earth in place and resist movement.

在极移开始的时候，地球的核心和地壳是连在一起的，因此对地壳移动的速度有个拖累作用。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。