地图投影

Archaeologists were impressed and puzzled by this map dated 2100 years ago because the level of mapping technology used in this map are comparable to modern maps, which are manifested by the high precision achieved in the mapping of rivers, and the representation of mountains and their peaks using conformal projection.

这幅2100多年前的古代地图，河流测绘的精确程度非常高，并且使用正形投影表示山脉山峰，其测绘科技水平已接近近代地图，这令人感到十分惊讶同时也不免产生困惑。

Firstly, by using the function of EXCEL software and choosing the appropriate expression to calculate and get positive axis single latitude conic projection plane right-angle coordinates data table and length distortion data table about latitude.

根据实践经验，以经度97°~108°；纬度23°~34°为研究工区，用正轴切圆锥投影模型为例，介绍利用EXCEL软件中的公式对地图制图中的数据进行运算处理，求得正轴单纬圆锥投影平面直角坐标数据表，以及长度变形随纬度变化的关系数据表。

Its universality: its democratic equality and constancy to its nature in seeking its own level: its vastness in the ocean of Mercator's projection: its unplumbed profundity in the Sundam trench of the Pacific exceeding 8000 fathoms: the restlessness of its waves and surface particles visiting in turn all points of its seaboard: the independence of its units: the variability of states of sea: its hydrostatic quiescence in calm: its hydrokinetic turgidity in neap and spring tides: its subsidence after devastation: its sterility in the circumpolar icecaps, arctic and antarctic: its climatic and commercial significance: its preponderance of 3 to 1 over the dry land of the globe: its indisputable hegemony extending in square leagues over all the region below the subequatorial tropic of Capricorn: the multisecular stability of its primeval basin: its luteofulvous bed: its capacity to dissolve and hold in solution all soluble substances including millions of tons of the most precious metals: its slow erosions of peninsulas and islands, its persistent formation of homothetic islands, peninsulas and downwardtending promontories: its alluvial deposits: its weight and volume and density: its imperturbability in lagoons and highland tarns: its gradation of colours in the torrid and temperate and frigid zones: its vehicular ramifications in continental lakecontained streams and confluent oceanflowing rivers with their tributaries and transoceanic currents, gulfstream, north and south equatorial courses: its violence in seaquakes, waterspouts, Artesian wells, eruptions, torrents, eddies, freshets, spates, groundswells, watersheds, waterpartings, geysers, cataracts, whirlpools, maelstroms, inundations, deluges, cloudbursts: its vast circumterrestrial ahorizontal curve: its secrecy in springs and latent humidity, revealed by rhabdomantic or hygrometric instruments and exemplified by the well by the hole in the wall at Ashtown gate, saturation of air, distillation of dew: the simplicity of its composition, two constituent parts of hydrogen with one constituent part of oxygen: its healing virtues: its buoyancy in the waters of the Dead Sea: its persevering penetrativeness in runnels, gullies, inadequate dams, leaks on shipboard: its properties for cleansing, quenching thirst and fire, nourishing vegetation: its infallibility as paradigm and paragon: its metamorphoses as vapour, mist, cloud, rain, sleet, snow, hail: its strength in rigid hydrants: its variety of forms in loughs and bays and gulfs and bights and guts and lagoons and atolls and archipelagos and sounds and fjords and minches and tidal estuaries and arms of sea: its solidity in glaciers, icebergs, icefloes: its docility in working hydraulic millwheels, turbines, dynamos, electric power stations, bleachworks, tanneries, scutchmills: its utility in canals, rivers, if navigable, floating and graving docks: its potentiality derivable from harnessed tides or watercourses falling from level to level: its submarine fauna and flora, numerically, if not literally, the inhabitants of the globe: its ubiquity as constituting 90 percent of the human body: the noxiousness of its effluvia in lacustrine marshes, pestilential fens, faded flowerwater, stagnant pools in the waning moon.

50它的普遍性，它的民主的平等性，以及保持着它自身求平的本质。用墨卡托投影法在地图上所标示出的浩淼的海洋；太平洋中巽他海沟那超过八千噚的不可测的深度；永不消停、后浪推前浪地冲刷着海岸线每一部位的波涛以及水面上的微粒子；水的单位粒子的独立性；海洋变幻莫测；根据液体静力学，风平浪静时它纹丝不动；根据液体动力学，小潮大潮时它便涨了起来。暴风雨后一片沉寂；北极圈与南极圈冰冠地带的不毛性以及对气候及贸易的影响；跟地球上的陆地相比占三对一优势；它在亚赤道带南回归线以南的整个区域延伸无数平方海里的绝对权威；其在原始海盆里数千万年以来所保持的稳定性；它那橙红色海床；它那把包括数百万吨贵金属在内的可溶解物质加以溶解，并使之保持在溶解状态的性能；它对半岛和有下陷趋势的岬角所产生的缓慢的浸蚀作用；其冲积层；其重量、容积与浓度；它在咸水湖、高山湖里的静谧；其色调因热带、温带和寒带而变为或浓或淡；与陆上的湖泊、溪流及支流汇合后注入海洋的河川，还有横跨大洋的潮流所构成的运输网。沿着赤道下面的水路自北向南的湾流；海震、水龙卷、自流井、喷泉、湍流、漩涡、河水暴涨、倾盆大雨、海啸、流域、分水岭、间歇泉、大瀑布、漩流、海漩、洪水、泛滥、暴雨等滥施淫威；环绕陆地的上层土壤那漫长的曲线；源泉的奥秘可用探矿杖来占卜或用湿度测定器来揭示；阿什汤大门的墙壁上的洞、空气的饱和与露水的蒸发能够证明那潜在的湿度；水的成分单纯，是氢二、氧一的化合物；水的疗效；水的死海里的浮力；它在小溪、涧谷、水坝的缝隙、船舷的裂口所显示的顽强的浸透性；它那清除污垢、解渴、灭火、滋养植物的性能；作为模范和典型，它的可靠性；它变化多端：雾、霭、云、雨、麦、雪、雹；并在坚固的消防龙头上发挥出压力；而且千姿百态：湖泊、湖岔、内海、海湾、海岬、环礁湖、环状珊瑚岛、多岛海、海峡、峡江、明奇、潮汐港湾、港湾；冰河、冰山、浮动冰原显示出它是何等坚硬；在运转水车、水轮机、发电机、发电厂、漂白作坊、鞣皮厂、打麻厂时，它又是那样驯顺；它在运河、可航行的河川、浮船坞和干船坞所起的作用；潮汐的动力化或利用水路的落差使它得以发挥潜力；海底那些成群的动物和植物虽然并非名副其实地栖息在地球上，论数目却占地球上生物的一大半；水无所不在，占人体的百分之九十；在沼泽地、闹瘟疫的湿地、馊了的花露水以及月亏期那淤积污浊的水塘子，水所散发的恶臭充满了毒气。

First, by using the properties of knots and the Jones polynomial, we research the relation between them, thereby involving in the projection diagram with n crossings, discuss the state S of the projection diagram L , through the properties of vertexgraph, Euler Formula, one studied the problem of the equal of the knots.

首先，我们利用纽结及琼斯多项式的性质研究了它们的关系，进而涉及了有n个交叉点的纽结投影图，对其投影图L的状态S进行讨论，并通过四岔地图，欧拉公式等性质，研究了纽结等价性问题。

A map projection in which a small area is rendered in its true shape.

一块小的区域被以它的真实的形状着色的投影地图。

Affected by the deformation of maps, the accuracy of map data is also changed. Therefore, how to select a suitable map projection is an important subject.

受到地图变形的影响，地图资料的正确性则发生变化，因此如何选择适合的投影是极重要的课题。

Its purpose is to transfer the original SAR image to defined map reference frame by projection, and correct some geometric distortion.

地理编码是星载SAR图象后处理的一个过程，它的目的在于把星载SAR原始图象投影到指定的地图坐标系上，并校正一些几何畸变。

The selection of map projection is very important for the production of maps. Its primary task is to decide the mapping equations for the coordinate conversion from the sphere to the plane.

制作地图过程中，选择投影是一个重要的程序，它主要任务系决定制图区从球面转换至平面的制图方程式。

Against the practice, the weaknesses found in the product, they will three-dimensional simulation model for transformation by parallel projection, superimposed on the digital true color aerial orthophotos, the implementation of the digital side-view maps (commonly known as 2.5-D maps) production.

针对实践中发现该产品的弱点，他们将三维仿真模型按平行投影变换后，叠加在航摄数字真彩色正射影像上，实施了数字侧视地图（俗称2.5维地图）制作。

This map shows the superimposition of the portolan type projection on the equidistant projection.

这张地图显示了等距投影上叠印的portolan型投影。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。