地史学

Only by deeply mastering the establishment and the function of the historiographers,Can we know better the development and variations of the ancient historiographer system, so do on the research of Chinese history and the development of the historiography.

所以说，只有对先秦史官建置及史官的职能有了深刻的了解，才能进一步把握好古代史官制度的发展与流变，才能更好地研究中国的史籍和史学发展。

The performance of its form, can be roughly divided into two kinds of history and historiography.

它在表现形式上，可以大略地分为历史的与史学的两种。

Taking into account the large number of information contained in authoritative journal about the History of Science, while avoiding the unreliability of results concluded by a single journal, through analyzing the contents metrically from 1993 to 2005 in three most authoritative journals on History of Science (ISIS, History of Science , British Journal for the History of Science), the paper displayed detailedly the microcosmic orbits of History of Science, revealed the hot points and hold the trends from the macrocosm and provided evidence and theoretical support for Historiography of Science. This will undoubtedly have an important academic value and theoretical significance.This article has three parts.

考虑到权威期刊所蕴涵的大量的科学史信息，同时避免单一期刊研究结论的不可靠性，本文选取国际上最权威的三份科学史综合期刊《爱西斯》、《科学史》、《英国科学史杂志》(British Journal for the History of Science)，对1993-2005年的内容进行计量分析，详细地展示这十多年来科学史研究的微观发展过程，并在三者计量结果进行相互比较印证的基础上，揭示科学史研究热点及发展脉络，从宏观上把握科学史研究的学术走向，对科学史研究重点的调整提供证明与借鉴，并为科学编史学的研究提供理论支持。

The latter work,carrying out"ontologic research"in pace with"historical research",has developed a successful research mode .

该著作将"本体研究"和"史学研究"同步进行，开拓了一个成功的研究模式，不仅深化了这一专题的研究工作，又极大地扩充了著作的综合信息

In his paper entitled "The Discovery and Name of Qomolangma" published in the fourth issue of Beijing University Journal in 1958, Lin Chao (1909-1991), the late Chinese geographer and professor of Beijing University and an expert on geographic history and toponymy who spent 61 years studying and teaching geography, observed that Bruce's words show that "the British approach to the name of Qomolangma was to insist in calling it Everest despite the fact that it had already had a Tibetan name."

林超（1909-1991）是地理史学和地名学的专家，从事地理教学和研究工作61年。他在1958年北京大学学报第四期上发表了《珠穆朗玛峰的发现与命名》一文，评论说，布鲁士的话就意味着，英国殖民者在珠峰名称问题上的态度是"闭眼不看事实，坚决维持'既成事实'"。

Mainly historiographic in method, this research links up theory with real proof with the marginal character, drawing on the theories and methods of the theory and method of the science of communication, public opinion and social psychology.

第三，在以史学研究方法为主的前提下，适当借鉴运用传播学、舆论学、社会心理学等几种相关学科的理论和方法，使这一研究具有学科交叉的&边缘&性特征，并且较好地做到了理论与实证的洽通。

A lifetime of work in the history of science, Professor Xi's biography reflects the development of the field in China and is itself a valuable historiographical reference.

一生活动与科学史关系密切，所以他的活动进程也部分地反映了科学史学科在中国的发展，可供科学史学史研究者参考。

The essay, based on large amounts of historical documents, comprehensively looks into the course and characteristics of the cultivation of diked paddy—fields in South—East China, researches on the historical and natural factors of their prosperity and briefly analyzes their functions.

作为史学工作者，我们在继续深入圩田史的基础上，应该以史为鉴，结合历史上对圩田的治理献计献策，更多地关注江南圩区的生态环境问题。我们应该与水利部门合作，摸清圩田形成的历史过程，利弊，根据不同的地貌特征和水文情况采取不同的方式进行整治。

The essay, based on large amounts of historical documents, comprehensively looks into the course and characteristics of the cultivation of diked paddy—fields in South—East China, researches on the historical and natural factors of their prosperity and briefly analyzes their functions.

作为史学工作者，我们在继续深入研究圩田史的基础上，应该以史为鉴，结合历史上对圩田的治理献计献策，更多地关注目前江南圩区的生态环境问题。我们应该与水利部门合作，摸清圩田形成的历史过程，总结利弊，根据不同的地貌特征和水文情况采取不同的方式进行整治。

Firstly, observed the meaning of shibi culture from the view of minority intangible culture heritage anew. Secondly, researched and recorded the history and actuality of shibi and shibi culture transmission by oral historiography. This data prepare the base of shibi and shibi culture studying. Thirdly, researched and studied the shibi sutra and picture sutra of shibi using frame of reference of ethnonymics, ethnology and linguistics, opened out the inbeing of shibi culture. Fourthly, based on the characteristic of religion system, I observed the conception of deities and ghosts of Ch'iang people anew. Fifthly, researched and studied the folk religion ceremonials for sacrificing offerings to god and deities, and unscrambled the multi-meaning of shibi culture.

论文的创新之处主要体现在五个方面：第一，从非物质文化遗产的角度，重新审视羌族释比与释比文化的价值；第二，运用口述史学的方法最大限度地还原并重构羌族释比传承、释比文化传承的历史、释比文化的内涵、释比文化的现状等，为释比文化的研究奠定了基础；第三，运用民族学、文化人类学、语言学等方法，对释比唱经、释比图经《刷勒日》等进行全面、深入、细致的调查，剖析释比文化的本质内容；第四，从羌族民间信仰的体系的特点，重新审视羌族神鬼观念；第五，重点调查并研究羌族祭山会仪式，解读羌族文化的多重意义。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。