地冻

Together we visited the nuclear facilities of Saratov, where Russian generals pointed with pride to the new fencing and security systems that had been recently completed; afterward, they served us a lunch of borscht, vodka, potato stew, and a deeply troubling fish Jell-O mold.

我们一起参观了萨拉托夫的核设施，俄罗斯的将军们自豪地指着新围墙和安全系统给我们看，这是最近才完成的；参观后，他们为我们安排了午餐，有罗宁汤、伏特加酒、炖土豆和浓浓的鱼子冻。

ABSTRACT It occurs that the performance of silicon bipolar transistors degradates seriously at low temperatures due to the gap-narrowing effect、the carrier freeze-out effect and the trapping effect of shallow dopants, which has significant influence on the operation of ultra-high-speed bipolar circuits and BiCMOS circuits at low temperatures.

硅双极晶体管由于禁带变窄效应，载流子冻析效应和浅能级杂质陷阱效应的作用，其电流增益和频率性能在低温下严重退化，从而极大地影响了低温高速双极电路和高性能的低温BiCMOS技术的发展。

Simultaneously, the exports of ionization rate and nonionzed concentration are set up as a powerful tool for studying thoroughly the freeze-out effect. dN〓/dp and dN〓/dn are neglected in the linearized equation system of the iteration methods of Newton and Gummel, due to having lower 15 orders or more than dN〓/dn and dN〓/dp, thus the computing effort is cut down with no effect on precision. A new cut-off technique is adopted to accelerate the convergence speed, about twice reduced for Newton iteration method and six times or so for Gummel iteration method. The approximate formulae of Fermi-Dirac statistics are also put forward with simpler form and higher precision. 3. A term dependent on time is added to the electron and hole current succession equations respectively. It is only this model that conservation of charge in transient analysis and alternating small-signal analysis at low temperature can be kept by. 4. The performance of SE-PISCES is explained by the simulation example of PISCES-2B, diode.

研究了低温半导体器件模拟的数值方法：对载流子浓度进行了新的归一化；编制了不考虑掺杂所引进的内建电场时的电离率计算程序；由于低温杂质电离率随偏压状态而变化，为此编制了每次求解迭代时的电离浓度计算程序，并将其插入到求解迭代程序中；同时，设置了杂质电离率和未电离杂质浓度的出口点，为更深入地研究冻析效应提供了有力工具；在Newton迭代法和Gummel迭代法的线性化方程组中忽略了dN〓/dp、dN〓/dn，是因为它们比dN〓/dn、dN〓/dp低15个数量级以上，这样减小了计算量又不影响模拟精度；对Newton迭代法和Gummel迭代法采取了新的截断技术，提高了收敛速度，Newton法迭代法和两次左右，Gummel法减少六次左右；给出了表达式更简单而精度更高的Fermi-Dirac积分近似计算公式。

The effect of different dehydration methods on the quality of dried fish, its moisture content, and water activity were studied systematically in our experiment, which will provide useful input for mechanically processing half-dried salt-cured saltwater fish .

以冻藏的海水鱼金线鱼、化眉笛鲷与勒氏笛鲷为原料，经解冻、腌制、干制等处理，制成半干咸鱼制品，同时就其加工过程水分含量变化及不同干制方法对成品品质、水分及水分活度的影响进行了较为系统地研究，为实现半干咸鱼的机械化生产及推广提供依

Cells inosculation was carried out by standard method.The hybridoma supernatants were selected by indirect ELISA.The selected cells were subcloned three times by limiting dilution .Three hybridoma lines against TGEV rMP were obtained , which were designated as 1B3、3C2、4A5. The isotypes of the McAbs were IgG2a、IgG1、IgG1. The three hybridoma lines can secrete antibodies steadily after culturing and saving for a long time.

并以纯化的M蛋白为抗原，免疫BALB/c小鼠，按常规方法进行融合，间接ELISA方法进行筛选，采用有限稀释法，经过三次克隆，最终获得三株抗重组TGEV M蛋白的杂交瘤细胞系(命名为1B3、3C2、4A5)，分泌的单克隆抗体分别为IgG2a、IgG1、IgG1类，三株杂交瘤细胞在体外长期培养和长期冻存时都稳定地分泌单克隆抗体。

Mountainside, the boys watched the snow Sese shaking the girl, distressed and Baojin her,"We go back to it, see you Dongde ..."..

山腰上，男孩看着雪中瑟瑟发抖的女孩，心疼地抱紧了她，&我们回去吧，看你冻得。。。&

And scale, height and covering area of Budongquan migrating pingos further increased in 2006. Budongquan migrating pingos not only piered and etched the highway, but also destructed the culvert, depressed ground surface, bended oil-pipeline and formed ground fracture zones.

不冻泉移动冰丘不仅穿刺青藏公路路基，破坏青藏公路桥涵结构，蚕食青藏公路路堤，影响青藏公路的交通安全；而且导致输油管道拱曲变形，诱发地面塌陷和地裂缝，产生显著的灾害效应。

According to several diseases caused by seasonally frozen soil subgrade,this paper discussed the seasonal permafrost roadbed on the causes,and introduced several methods to resolve the frost heave disease briefly.

根据季节性冻土地段路基出现的几种病害，论述了季节性冻土路基产生的原因，简要地介绍了几种解决冻胀病害的方法。

In order to prevent frost heave of hydraulic structures, the measures such as drainage, protecting and cutting-off migration of capillary water should be also comprehensively paied attention to.

由此阐明了工程界直接利用一定的约束压力即可有效地消减冻胀的理论依据。并指出水工建筑物的冻害防治还应采取排水、隔断毛细水、保护等综合性措施。

For instance Bavarian cream should not deviate from the original recipe but can be stabi li zed and preserved with the addition of more gelatine and sugar; possibly the dessert can be polished with a thin coat of wine jelly or something similar.

举例来说巴伐利亚奶油不应该与最原本的配方有太大的不同，但是可用较多的胶质和糖来保存和增加持久性。可能地话，餐后甜点上也要加上一层类似葡萄酒冻或相似的东西以增加亮度。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。