地下结果

The results indicate that the different thermal expansions and elastoplastic properties and distributed randomness of various mineral particles composed of oil shale will lead to the nonuniformity of thermal field, deformation field and stress field in heating process, which makes the particles of oil shale deform incompatibly: and the release of product pyrolysis results in irreversible damages of oil shale material and structure. These are the main reasons for the thermal fracture of oil shale. When oil shale is heated through thermal conduction, temperature transfers slowly, so the spacing between heating well and production well should not be kept too long. When difference exists in oil shale reservoir's properties, heating well should be chosen in the high conductivity region. Oil shale's stratification is vital for developing permeation zone in in-situ retorting. Oil shale will generate additional expansion force as it reaches its pyrolysis temperature, and stratification will be cracked first, so the oil shale stratification should be utilized to enhance its permeability.

研究结果表明：组成油页岩各种矿物颗粒热膨胀和弹塑性性质的不同及其分布的随机性，导致油页岩加热过程中温度场、变形场和应力场的非均匀性，使得油页岩颗粒间变形不协调和油页岩热解产物释放引起油页岩材料与结构性能发生不可逆的劣化损伤，这是油页岩发生热破裂的主要原因；热传导方式加热油页岩，温度的传递比较缓慢，加热井和生产井的间距不宜过大，对油页岩储层性质存在差异时，注热井应选择较高热导率的区段；油页岩的层理对油页岩地下原位开发形成渗透带至关重要，油页岩达到热解温度会产生附加的膨胀力，首先在层理处开裂，应充分利用油页岩层理赋存条件改造其渗透性。

In the paper,the critical water lever is determined according to the linear cor re lation between land subsidence and groundwater drawdown,simultaneously,as comp ared with the critical water level by preconsolidation stress,the results show t hat their physical meaning is agreeable for two methods of acquiring critical w ater le vel,only exist some differences on value domain.

该文通过地面沉降与地下水头降深之间的线性相关关系来确定临界水位，并将其与根据超固结应力确定的临界水位进行比较，结果表明：两种理论依据下提出的临界水位具有相同的物理意义，仅在值域上存在一些差异。

The trial results show that with the disposal of induced caving roof by presplitting blasting and induced caving roof blasting, about 17.8 m in thickness of rock cushion is successfully formed in the inferior abandoned stope, which can bring down the harm of dashing blast of an explosion caused by roof collapse; apparent run-through flaws arise between presplitting blasting holes, and controllable caving is formed in the roof, abrupt collapse of large area roof is prevented, the productional safe surroundings of underground mining is improved; eventually, the resources' reclamation rate is improved from about 70% to 84.6%, and the dilution rate is abated from 25%40% to below 15%, so efficiently withdrawing is actualized.

试验结果表明：采用预裂爆破与诱导崩顶爆破的方法，通过对顶板的诱导崩落处理，成功地在下方采空区形成了厚度为17.8 m左右的岩石缓冲垫层，有效地降低顶板冒落带来的冲击气浪危害；在预裂孔间产生明显的贯通裂隙，从而在顶板上形成诱导可控崩落，防止顶板大面积的突然垮落，改善地下开采安全生产环境；最终资源的回收率由70%左右提高到84.6%，贫化率由25%~40%降低到15%以下，实现了资源的高效回收。

A set of quadruply coupled equations (fluid flow, convection-diffusion, energy conservation and mechanical equilibrium) with a number of cross-couplings and coupled constitutive relations is formulated to quantify the multi-physics of oil displacement by CO2 injection, implemented into and solved by using FEMLAB. FEMLAB is the first engineering tool that performs equation-based multi-physics modeling in an interactive environment. With FEMLAB, the coupled multi-physics model can be solved simultaneously. The applicability of this model has been demonstrated through an example of simulations for a two-dimensional reservoir of size 1000 m×1000 m with one injection and one production wells. Model results illustrate the significant importance of the cross-couplings between individual (thermal, hydrological, chemical and mechanical) physics.

首先，建立一套流、固、热、多相流等多场全耦合控制方程组及其相应的耦合本构关系；然后，采用FEMLAB为工具来模拟三次采油阶段CO2驱油过程中的流、固、热、物质守恒等多场之间的全耦合作用，是第一个人机交互式的基于偏微分方程组的多物理场耦合分析的工程工具，利用FEMLAB，该4个耦合方程组成的方程组可以一次同时被求解出来：最后，应用该模型来求解一个二维油田的驱油情况，数值计算结果表明，原位应力、注入温度、注入压力等因素对CO2的地下贮存效率、驱油速度等有重要影响。

As more and more underground projects are constructed, the surrounding soil is unavoidable to be disturbed, then it results in the reconsolidation settlement of the disturbed soil.

地下工程活动日益频繁，规模也不断加大，对周围土体的扰动是不可避免的，由此带来的结果是土体的变形和位移，而再固结沉降就是其中一个重要部分。

By thermodynamical calculation, it is proposed that the groundwater in study area be super-saturated with calcite (SI＞0) at present.

热力学计算结果表明，研究区地下水中的Ca〓、CO〓〓离子对方解石来说目前已达到过饱和状态。

Results show that composite geophysical methods increase the accuracy and precision of mined-out areas detection, and position, distribution and transfixion relationship of group mined-out areas are found out basically, which can offer security guarantee condition when opening working turns to underground working in the mine.

探测结果表明，综合物探方法提高了采空区探测的准确度和精度，基本查明了群采空区的层位、分布、范围和贯通关系，为矿山由露天开采转入地下生产提供了安全保障条件。

In addition, after a detailed investigation and study on geologic conditions of Jinzhou water-tight oil storage cavern by using Block1.0 and Unwedge software, respectively, all removable blocks relaed to each excavation plane of Jinzhou water-tight oil storage cavern were found and the magnitude of the removeable blocks with respect to the distribution of discontinuities and the position of excavation planes was systematically calculated.

阐明了块体理论赤平解析法可动块体辨识软件Block1.0的理论基础及编制思路，通过赤平解析法和Block1.0就某实例计算结果的对比，验证了Block1.0的准确性；同时，在对锦州地下油库勘察资料进行详细研究的基础上，分别采用Block1.0和Unwedge软件，找出了锦州地下水封储油洞库各开挖面上可动块体的分布情况，从开挖面位置和结构面分布两方面对锦州地下水封油库的稳定性进行系统评价。

The results above are worthful for design and construction of adits and main tunnels of underground engineering projects.

本文研究结果对地下工程中主隧道与横通道的一体化设计施工，有一定参考价值。

It was investigated that the seasonal dynamics of bud bank, the effects of high sexual reproductive allocation on bud bank and daughter shoots, the changes of bud bank under different parent shoot density, C and N compound of apic ...更多 al rhizome bud response to bud bank seasonal dynamics, the effect of covering treatment during different growing phase on bud bank. The main results and conclusions were as follows:(1) Each bud type has distinct earliest timings to break. B1-1 begins to generate during late May, but B1-2, B2 and B3 occur during late June.

本文分别从羊草地下芽库的季节动态、高有性生殖分配对芽库的影响、不同基株密度条件下芽库及所生成子株的数量变化、根茎顶芽碳氮化合物在克隆生长中的重要作用以及不同阶段遮光处理对芽库数量的影响方面对羊草进行研究，得出的主要结果和结论如下：(1)每种类型芽都有不同的起始产生时间。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。