在风中传播

Further, we investigated the possible impact of SDP on ENSO event in interannual scale by researching the anomalous characteristics of sea temperature, wind, convergence and divergence, total cloud amount, radiation and so on. The results showed that the influence of SDP on ENSO involve not only the process of positive and negative air-sea feedback, but also the interaction between atmospheric circulation over tropical and subtropical, specially the eastward propagation of anomalous zonal wind from the equatorial Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Otherwise, it also relates, to some extent, to the transition of large-scale climatic mean flow over the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean.

进一步，本文通过分析SDP事件前后期海温、高低层风、低层辐合辐散、高空云量和辐射等的变化特征研究了南印度洋偶极型海温异常在ENSO事件中的作用，结果表明：SDP在ENSO事件中的作用不仅涉及海气相互作用的正负反馈过程，还与热带和副热带大气环流之间的相互作用有关，特别是与东南印度洋海温变化所引起的异常纬向风由赤道印度洋向赤道太平洋传播的过程等有十分直接的关系；同时，SDP对ENSO事件的影响在很大程度上还依赖于大尺度平均气流随季节的变换。

The transverse wave disturbance along tangential base flow of circular vortex is discussed By using numerical method we study this instability of baroclinic flow which is mesoscale inertia wave instability on the cylindrical coordinate The influence of stratification stability N 2 , Coriolis parameter f 0 , the vertical shear of tangential wind z of the ambinent atmosphere and the latent heat on the growth rate of instability is studied From the above analysis and calculation, we can learn that there are Eady mode and mesoscale mode of transverse wave instability in circular vortex as well Furthermore we also learn that distribution character of mesoscale mode disturbance field of transverse wave instability, anomalistic "cats eye" structure of lower level and the character of the slowly spreading disturbance converges at low level and the quickly spreading disturbance converges at high level

作者中文名：李红金；陆汉城；宋晓亮；李鲲摘要：讨论涡旋大气中，存在沿切向基流传播的横波型扰动，并采用数值方法讨论了柱坐标系下圆形涡旋系统斜压气流中这类扰动的不稳定，这是一类中尺度的重力惯性波的不稳定。研究了涡旋环境大气的层结稳定度参数N2、切向风垂直切变Vz、凝结潜热、涡旋特性及科里奥利参数f0对不稳定增长率的影响。圆形涡旋中同样存在横波不稳定的Eady模态和中尺度模态，得到了中尺度模态的扰动场分布特征：流场的不规则"猫眼"结构及慢速传播的扰动均集中在低层，而快速传播的扰动均集中在高层的扰动特征。

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为"知识—文化"传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

HW and his team at Virginia studied how far the scent of flowers travels with the wind.

Virginia大学的HW和他的团队对花朵香味在风中传播的距离进行了研究。

Experiment has shown that the velocity of sound in air is the same in all directions, if there is no wind and the air is at rest in the chosen c.s.

实验表明，如果没有风，空气是静止的（对于我们所选择的坐标系来说），那么声音在空气中向各个方向的传播速度都是一样的。

All the excitement of the Yuletide season is captured in this vivid portrait of a wind-borne spirit bearing precious gifts, silken banners, golden baubles, and fragrant boughs to decorate the heavens.

所有圣诞节期间的令人高兴的事儿都在这幅栩栩如生的图中体现了出来——靠风来传播的贵重的礼物，柔软的旗帜，金色的装饰品以及芳香的大树枝来装饰着天堂。

Based on the investigation and analysis of the Cupressus funebris seed orchard at Laoshan Island in the Qiandao Lake, Zhejiang province, the ecological characteristics of the male cone, female cone and pollen have been studied.

本文以浙江省千岛湖姥山林场柏木种子园为对象，对柏木球花及花粉的生态学特性进行了研究结果表明，柏木的雌雄球花在树冠中呈成层分布；降雨时，雄球花对花粉具有保护功能；柏木花粉体积小，重量轻，花粉量大，花粉的散发受气温、风力、相对湿度和气压的综合影响，其中气温是主导因子，风左右着花粉的传播，降雨加速花粉的沉降。

The Leaves were torn and so was he, as he tried to follow her trace. A winterly wind embraced his throat and tried its best to strangle. What kept him going was what had left him. It was what he couldn't keep. Kept hunting ancient traces, following flickering lights. This ghost was sculpted by his desire to say goodbye. Could left the hollow sky, as it swallowed all its sorrow. Nearly breathless, he grasped the nearest branch. The voice reappeared, and now he felt sure that it was her, so he did his best to force his feet along. A scarlet dress in the wind. Shadows on stumps of once mighty trees spread rumors of her presence. Looked into her eyes and took her hand. This imagined warm touch was his relief. Kneeling at her feet, ready for his sleep. Had no longer wish to arise. Put her arm around him, no more cries. Slept there until the fierce cold awoke to erase all tracks of life.

在这强烈的欲望下他离开前去探索秋天的水滴落在颤抖的落叶上那夏天启程时的鲜红那幽深黑暗中的脆弱他就像那些落叶那样哀伤当他追逐她的足迹的时候无情的冷风袭向他的喉咙就像想要死死掐住他那样那让他还要继续的原因是他想要找回自己曾失去的东西那个他曾没能够紧紧拥抱住的东西继续在远古的足迹上前行追逐着那闪烁不定的光这些在他渴望中的幽灵似乎在向他说再见多想能离开这空洞的天空就像它吞下那所有的哀伤几乎无法呼吸但当他抓住他身旁的溪流时那个声音再次出现了现在他知道一定就是她了于是他竭尽全力向前走去一身红色的衣服在风中飘荡美丽的身影映在大树之下周围传播着她到场的风声注视着她双眼紧握住她的双手这梦般的景象拂去他所有的痛苦他跪倒在她脚下，心甘情愿地睡去永远不愿醒来与她相拥在在一起，永远不再哭泣就这样睡着直到严寒到来抹去他那漫漫人生的长路

The results show that when gravity wave's propagating in the homogenous winds, the nonlinearity is stronger in the fair wind than in the contrary wind, the background winds change the propagation velocity and path, and when gravity wave's propagating in the homogenous winds, the vertical wavelength decreases, the average upgoing energy flux reduces which implies the ambient winds absorb the energy of the wave, realizes coupling of the different atmosphere layers.

结果表明，当重力波在均匀风场中传播时，非线性效应在顺风场中比在逆风场中更显著，背景风会改变重力波在水平方向的传播速度和传播路径；当重力波在剪切风场中传播时，重力波在垂直方向上平均能流随高度的增高而减少，表明背景吸收了重力波的能量，在重力波向上传播的过程中，实现了大气各层之间的耦合。

Near the mesopause, propagating in the background wind which increasing with heights, the inertial gravity waves will reach their critical layers.

在中层顶附近，在随高度增加的背景风中传播的惯性重力波会遇到临界层。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。