在那时

My grandfather Thomas, who was born in 1598, lived at Ecton till he was too old to continue his business, when he retired to Banbury, in Oxfordshire, to the house of his son John, with whom my father served an apprenticeship.

我的祖父汤麦斯生于一五九八年，他住在爱克腾，直到他老了而无法继续工作，那时他便和他的儿子约翰一起住在牛津的彭白雷村，而我的父亲跟着他做学徒，我的叔父死在那，也葬在那。

Here Pilgrims roam, that stray'd so farr to seek In Golgotha him dead, who lives in Heav'n; And they who to be sure of Paradise Dying put on the weeds of Dominic, Or in Franciscan think to pass disguis'd; [ 480 ] They pass the Planets seven, and pass the fixt, And that Crystalline Sphear whose ballance weighs The Trepidation talkt, and that first mov'd; And now Saint Peter at Heav'ns Wicket seems To wait them with his Keys, and now at foot [ 485 ] Of Heav'ns ascent they lift thir Feet, when loe A violent cross wind from either Coast Blows them transverse ten thousand Leagues awry Into the devious Air; then might ye see Cowles, Hoods and Habits with thir wearers tost [ 490 ] And flutterd into Raggs, then Reliques, Beads, Indulgences, Dispenses, Pardons, Bulls, The sport of Winds: all these upwhirld aloft Fly o're the backside of the World farr off Into a Limbo large and broad, since calld [ 495 ] The Paradise of Fools, to few unknown Long after, now unpeopl'd, and untrod; All this dark Globe the Fiend found as he pass'd, And long he wanderd, till at last a gleame Of dawning light turnd thither-ward in haste [ 500 ] His travell'd steps; farr distant he descries Ascending by degrees magnificent Up to the wall of Heaven a Structure high, At top whereof, but farr more rich appeer'd The work as of a Kingly Palace Gate [ 505 ] With Frontispice of Diamond and Gold Imbellisht, thick with sparkling orient Gemmes The Portal shon, inimitable on Earth By Model, or by shading Pencil drawn.

此外还有很多，说起来未免太冗长，他们无非是些未成熟的、痴呆的、穿着黑、白、灰色衣的身带骗人的假法宝的隐士和托钵僧。其中有的在这里云游巡礼，曾到各各他去寻觅那活在天上的死人，临终穿上圣多明我派或圣方济派的袈裟，以证明自己确实去过极乐天堂，他们误以为这样打扮就可畅通无阻。他们通过七星天，通过&恒星天&，通过那权衡黄道振动均势的&水晶天&，并且还通过&原动天&。圣彼得手拿钥匙，站在天堂的边门口，像是在等待他们，正要举步登上天堂的阶梯时，看吧！从左右吹来一阵猛烈的横风，他们被斜吹到十万里外的远空中去：那时看见僧帽、头巾、袈裟，连同它们的穿戴者一起被吹翻扯烂，还有圣骨、念珠、免罪券、特免证、赦罪证、训谕，全被高高卷起，都成了风的玩具，他们飘过这世界的背面而远落在广大的地狱边缘，被称&愚人的乐园&，很久之后将是家喻户晓的，但是现在却是人迹罕至的地方。魔王走过这整个黑球，经过长久的漫游，终于发现一线曙光，便加紧他的步伐，向那边走去。他远远望见一座高大的建筑，从它那宽大的阶梯拾级而上，可以抵达天国的城垣，它的顶上，像有比王宫还要富丽的宫门，它的正面镶有金刚石和黄金；大门上密饰着东方的珠宝，光彩夺目，人间的浓淡画笔也无法描绘它。

The rainy Season was in the mean Time upon me, when I kept more within Doors than at other Times; so I had stow'd our new Vessel as secure as we could, bringing her up into the Creek, where as I said, in the Beginning I landed my Rafts from the Ship, and haling her up to the Shore, at high Water mark, I made my Man Friday dig a little Dock, just big enough to hold her, and just deep enough to give her Water enough to fleet in; and then when the Tide was out, we made a strong Dam cross the End of it, to keep the Water out; and so she lay dry, as to the Tide from the Sea; and to keep the Rain off, we laid a great many Boughs of Trees, so thick, that she was as well thatch'd as a House; and thus we waited for the Month of November and December, in which I design'd to make my Adventure.

雨季快到了，那时我们大部分时间都只好呆在家里，为此，我得先把我们的新船放置妥当。我把船移到从前卸木排的那条小河里，并趁涨潮时把它拖到岸上。我又叫星期五在那里挖了一个小小的船坞，宽度刚好能容得下小船，深度刚好在把水放进来后能把船浮起来。然后，趁退潮后，我们又在船坞口筑了一道坚固的堤坝挡住海水。这样，即使潮水上涨，也不会浸没小船。为了遮住雨水，我们又在船上面放了许多树枝，密密层层地堆了好几层，看上去像个茅草屋的屋顶。就这样，我们等候着十一月和十二月的到来：那是我准备冒险的日期。

Sometimes, in a summer morning, having taken my accustomed bath, I sat in my sunny doorway from sunrise till noon, rapt in a revery,amidst the pines and hickories and sumachs, in undisturbed solitude and stillness, while the birds sing around or flitted noiseless through the house, until by the sun falling in at my west window, or the noise of some traveller's wagon on the distant highway, I was reminded of the lapse of time.

有时候，在一个夏天的早晨里，照常洗过澡之后，我坐在阳光下的门前，从日出坐到正午，坐在松树，山核桃树和黄栌树中间，在没有打扰的寂寞与宁静之中，凝神沉思，那时鸟雀在四周唱歌，或默不作声地疾飞而过我的屋子，直到太阳照上我的西窗，或者远处公路上传来一些旅行者的车辆的辚辚声，提醒我时间的流逝。

Sometimes, in a summer morning, having taken my accustomed bath, I sat in my sunny doorway from sunrise till noon, rapt in a revery, amidst the pines and hickories and sumachs, in undisturbed solitude and stillness, while the birds sing around or flitted noiseless through the house, until by the sun falling in at my west window, or the noise of some traveller's wagon on the distant highway, I was reminded of the lapse of time.

有时候，在夏日的清晨，照例沐浴之后，我会坐在阳光灿烂的门口，从日出到正午，忘我於沉思之中，在松树、山胡桃和漆树之间，在未经干扰的孤独与寂静之中，那时鸟雀在周围鸣唱，或无声地飞掠屋宇，直到夕阳从我西边的窗子斜照进来，或者远处公路上篷车发出辚辚声音，使我察觉时间的流逝。

Sometimes, in a summer morning, having taken my accustomed bath, I sat in my sunny doorway from sunrise till noon, rapt in a revery, amidst the pines and hickories and sumachs, in undisturbed solitude and stillness, while the birds sing around or flitted noise les s through the house, until by the sun falling in at my west window, or the noise of some trav elle r's wagon on the distant highway, I was reminded of the lapse of time.

有时候，在夏日的清晨，照例沐浴之后，我会坐在阳光灿烂的门口，从日出到正午，忘我於沉思之中，在松树、山胡桃和漆树之间，在未经干扰的孤独与寂静之中，那时鸟雀在周围鸣唱，或无声地飞掠屋宇，直到夕阳从我西边的窗子斜照进来，或者远处公路上篷车发出辚辚声音，使我察觉时间的流逝。

When I meet the engine with its train of cars moving off with planetary motion —— or, rather, like a comet, for the beholder knows not if with that velocity and with that direction it will ever revisit this system, since its orbit does not look like a returning curve —— with its steam cloud like a banner streaming behind in golden and silver wreaths, like many a downy cloud which I have seen, high in the heavens, unfolding its masses to the light —— as if this traveling demigod, this cloud-compeller, would ere long take the sunset sky for the livery of his train; when I hear the iron horse make the hills echo with his snort like thunder, shaking the earth with his feet, and breathing fire and smoke from his nostrils（what kind of winged horse or fiery dragon they will put into the new Mythology I don't know）, it seems as if the earth had got a race now worthy to inhabit it.

当我遇见那火车头，带了它的一列车厢，像行星运转似的移动前进，——或者说，像一颗扫帚星，因为既然那轨道不像一个会转回来的曲线，看到它的人也就不知道在这样的速度下，向这个方向驰去的火车，会不会再回到这轨道上来，——水蒸汽像一面旗帜，形成金银色的烟圈飘浮在后面，好像我看到过的高高在天空中的一团团绒毛般的白云，一大块一大块地展开，并放下豪光来，——好像这位旅行着的怪神，吐出了云霞，快要把夕阳映照着的天空作它的列车的号衣；那时我听到铁马吼声如雷，使山谷都响起回声，它的脚步踩得土地震动，它的鼻孔喷着火和黑烟（我不知道在新的神话中，人们会收进怎样的飞马或火龙），看来好像大地终于有了一个配得上住在地球上的新的种族了。

In those days I saw in Juda some treading the presses on the sabbath, and carrying sheaves, and lading asses with wine, and grapes, and figs, and all manner of burthens, and bringing them into Jerusalem on the sabbath day.

那时我在犹大，看见有人在安息日踏榨酒池，搬运禾綑，驮在驴上，并把酒、葡萄、无花果和其他各种重载，在安息日运到耶路撒冷；为了他们在此日买卖应用品，我曾警戒了他们。

In those days I saw in Juda some treading the presses on the sabbath, and carrying sheaves, and lading asses with wine, and grapes, and figs, and all manner of burthens, and bringing them into Jerusalem on the sabbath day.

那时我在犹大，看见有人在安息日踏榨酒池，搬运禾捆，驮在驴上，并把酒、葡萄、无花果和其他各种重载，在安息日运到耶路撒冷；为了他们在此日买卖应用品，我曾警戒了他们。

You may think this odd, but I have kept copies of every tax return I filed, starting with the return for 1944. Checking back, I find that I purchased GEICO shares on four occasions during 1951, the last purchase being made on September 26. This pattern of persistence suggests to me that my tendency toward self-intoxication was developed early. I probably came back on that September day from unsuccessfully trying to sell some prospect and decided - despite my already having more than 50% of my net worth in GEICO - to load up further. In any event, I accumulated 350 shares of GEICO during the year, at a cost of $10,282. At yearend, this holding was worth $13,125, more than 65% of my net worth.

你可能会觉得很奇怪，不过打从1944年开始报税到现在，我都保留每年个人报税的资料，在将这些资料拿出来比对之后，我发现在1951年我总共分四次买进GEICO股份，最后一次是在9月26日，这样的做法让我觉得自己很早就有自我沉醉的倾向，印象中我那时是在向别人推销这批股票不成之后，决定自己吃下这批股票，尽管在当时我已将个人50%以上的身家全都押在这支股票之上，而在加码之后，我总共持有350股的GEICO股份，成本为10，282美元，到了年底，这些股票的市值成为13，125美元，超过个人净值的65%。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。