在进行活动

PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm, which mimics the social behavior of animals in a flock. It makes use of individual and group memory to update each particle position allowing global and local search optimization. The objective function considered was the total weight of the structure subjected to stresses, displacements and forces constraints. The effects of the parameters were investigated as well and such combination of tuning parameters promote a better global search behavior avoiding premature convergence while rapidly converging to the optimal solution. Results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with ANSYS Design Optimization Tool (zero-order method). The PSO with the tuning parameters makes it an ideal method for offshore wind turbines foundations optimization tasks.(2) A reliability analysis method for pile foundation bearing axial loads based PSOThe performance function of pile foundation's axially bearing capacity sometimes is nonlinear and complex, on the basis of geometric meaning of structural reliability index, an optimum model with PSO for structural reliability analysis under arbitrary random variables was established, The PSO algorithm is very efficient to solve global optimization problemsIts use in structural reliability field presents not only the advantage of its facility of implementation, but also the possibility to obtain the design point and the failure probability with a good accuracy. In addition, PSO is a zero order algorithm, for no derivative is necessary for its implementation.

本文的研究针对桩式海上风机基础结构的特点，在国内外有关研究成果的基础上对海上风机基础结构优化设计理论和可靠度方法一些相关问题进行了较为深入的研究，具体做了以下几个方面的工作：(1)基于粒子群优化的桩式海上风机基础确定性优化设计方法桩式海上风机基础的优化设计是一个复杂的、非线性约束的优化问题，针对传统的基于梯度信息的优化方法在处理非线性问题中易陷入局部最优解的问题，本文将一种耦合惩罚函数的PSO算法引入到海上风机基础结构概念设计中，PSO算法是从群体动物聚集觅食这一活动中受到启发而发展的，该算法利用个体和群体的信息共享不断改进自身的位置从而进行局部和全局最优搜索，本文中以桩和三脚架连接段直径及壁厚为设计变量，以基础总重量作为优化的目标函数，在给定的约束条件下建立了三脚架基础优化数学模型，另外本文还研究了PSO参数变化对结果的影响，协调的参数组合可以避免陷入早熟收敛而能够快速的获得全局的最优解，通过与ANSYS优化模块的计算结果比较验证了该方法的有效性，本方法为海上风机基础的确定性设计提供了一条有效的途径。

Since this action involves the cross between criminal case and civil case, it causes the conflict between the prosecution right of the state and right of civil action and a lot more problems therefore arising.

刑事附带民事诉讼是指在刑事诉讼过程中，人民法院在解决被告人刑事责任的同时，附带解决由被害人及其他权利人、检察机关提起的，要求被告人或其他负有民事赔偿义务的人对其犯罪行为所造成的损害进行赔偿而进行的诉讼活动。

The selection of geological prospecting in different stages(initial-prospecting, detailed-prospecting)(2)the selection of geological prospecting in the deep-laid and shallow-laid of tunnel project (3)the selection of geological prospecting of tunnel projecting in different geological conditions Finally, the author summed up main problems needing to be solved in tunnel engineering geological prospecting as follow:(1)differentiate stratum and find out the depth and thickness of different stratums in the tunnel section (2)find out geological structure and existence situation of fault, broken zone and weak plane (3)find out weathering level of bed rock to classify surrounding rock combining speed materials (4)differentiate stratum structure of the entrance of tunnel to judge the stability of it (5)find out existence situation and performance of ground water (6)situations of other harmful geological phenomenon In view of above problems and classification of surrounding rock, the author showed principles of rational choosing of methods in geological prospecting and counted disperse range of physical character parameter value in different petrosal character, getting achievements as follow:(1)summarization of effect, merits and demerits of different geological prospecting methods in the tunnel geological investigation (2)method selection and arrangement principle of tunnel engineering geological prospecting in different geological conditions and prospecting stages (3)According to previous experience and cases, the author concluded the物性parameters most in use ,and showed the basis of selecting geological prospecting methods in different geological conditions.

论文中用几个应用实例来说明：(1)不同勘察阶段物探工作的选用；(2)深埋、浅埋隧道工程物探工作的选用；(3)不同地质条件隧道工程物探工作的选用。最后总结归纳出隧道工程物探所需要解决的问题主要有：(1)划分地层，查明隧道通过剖面的各地层深度与厚度。(2)查明地质构造，隧道轴线段有无断层、破碎带、软弱层面等。(3)查明基岩风化程度，从而结合速度资料进行围岩分级。(4)划分洞口地层结构，判断洞口稳定性。(5)查明地下水赋存情况及其活动动态。(6)其他不良地质现象存在情况。针对上述需要查明的地质问题与计算围岩分级情况，论文提出合理选用物探方法的原则，并统计了物性参数值在不同岩性中的分布范围。得出以下研究成果：(1)总结出各物探方法在隧道地质调查中的作用和优缺点。(2)得出不同地质条件下和不同勘察阶段，隧道工程物探方法选择和布置的原则。(3)根据以往工作经验和事例，对常用的物性参数进行了归纳总结，同时介绍了不同地质条件下物探方法选择的依据。

During the period of the activity of reforming the traditional calendar, Xing Yunlu only reformed the calendar according to the calendar idea established in his book Gujin Lüli Kao (GJLLK, Investigation into Harmonics and Calendrical Astronomy from Antiquity to the Present, c.1600). Combined with the analysis of Xing Yunlu's eclipse records collected from the Mingshilu (True Records of the Ming Dynasty) and Mingshi, we pointed out that Xing Yunlu's had not made ultimate improvement to the traditional calendar in his activity of calendar reform.

结合对邢云路在钦天监参预改历活动中预报日月食记录精度的分析，指出：以邢云路为代表的传统历法家在钦天监进行的历法改革总体来说起色不大，除在个别月食预报以及日食食分的预报结果上好于《授时历》的预报结果外，其他预报结果的精度均不如《授时历》，而且从总体上看邢云路新法的水平还不如当时行用的《大统历》，尤其是邢云路预报天启元年四月朔(1621年5月21日)日食出现差错而宣告了他依据传统历法进行改历努力的失败。

Based on classifies of the Electronic Business modes, this article deeply studies about four types of tax structures for operating models, studies the prominent problems of traditional collection management mode in business e-commerce and individual e-commerce through positive analysis. At the same time, it researches the countermeasure about business or individual Electronic Business taxation collection management from tax theory, tax policy, tax system, and tax practice, finds the modern tax collection management mode in the Electronic Business environment. The further way, to make the theories more feasible, effective and scientific, it proofreads the new collection management mode through the social investigations, puts forward the corresponding policies and rules which demanded by the Electronic Business taxation collection management mode.

本文在对电子商务环境下的税收理论进行研究的基础上，综述了国内外电子商务税收征管研究成果，针对我国电子商务的发展，对电子商务业务模式进行了分类，深入剖析了四种主要业务模式的税收结构，并以此为切入点，通过实证分析，系统地研究了传统征管模式在企业和个人两大类型的电子商务活动中所存在的税收征管突出问题，同时从税收理论、政策、制度和实践等方面，探究了企业和个人电子商务的税收征管对策，建立了电子商务环境下的税收征管模式；在此基础上，通过社会问卷调查，进一步校正新的征管模式，使其具有可行性、有效性和科学性，进而提出了电子商务的税收征管模式所要求的配套政策和法律。

In chapter three,that is the basic content of burden of proof,firstly,the dissertation totally repudiates the view that case facts are the object of bur-den of roof and also maintains that the objects of burden of proof of Chinais requirement facts.

在第三章证明责任基本内容中，其一，对案件事实作为证明责任对象的观点进行了全面否定，并认为我国证明责任对象为要件事实；其二，在比较两大法系证明责任适用条件的基础上，对我国证明责任适用条件所涉及的理论基础和条件进行了新的解释；其三，主张证明责任的性质是一种法定的风险分配，并与当事人的诉讼活动无关；其四，主张在当事人主义和职权主义诉讼中都存在着适用证明责任裁判的可能性。

Article XIX without the administrative departments of urban planning consent, in the earth of urban planning area of sand, abandoned slag heap of refuse, fill Wai change surface topography as well as other activities, the impact of the implementation of urban planning, minor, and ordered the relevant units and individuals stop illegal activities, and the deadline to restore topography; the circumstances are serious, more than 500 years and a fine of 2,000 yuan fine.

第十九条未经城市规划行政主管部门同意，在城市规划区内挖取沙土、堆弃废渣垃圾、围填水面以及进行其他改变地貌活动，影响城市规划实施，情节轻微的，责令有关单位和个人停止违法活动，并限期恢复地貌；情节严重的，并处以500元以上2000元以下的罚款。

After the War of Resistance against Japan broke out, the Implementation of Music Education Committee of Jiangxi Province organized the Anti-Japanese Singing Repertory Theater, Launched mass choir. From 1938 to 1944, because of the war situation, the Implementation of Music Education Committee of Jiangxi Province retreated from Nanchang to Ji\'an, Suichuan, Taihe,Ganzhou region of Jiangxi province, launched a massive choir, used musical and theatrical art form to propaganda the Anti-Japanese War and organized two music teacher training.

抗日战争爆发后，江西省推行音乐教育委员会组织抗日歌咏话剧团，开展群众歌咏活动，宣传抗战。1938年至1944年，由于战争形势，江西省推行音乐教育委员会从南昌撤退，先后在江西吉安、遂川、泰和、赣州地区，开展群众歌咏活动，利用音乐、戏剧的艺术形式进行抗战宣传，并筹办了两期音乐师资训练班。

There are other examples (i.e. jeeps used for off-road touring) but the common thread between these new forms of recreation was an excess supply of new technology and equipmentleft over from the war and an increasingly wealthy population that turned its attention to travelling and enjoying the great outdoors.

虽然存在其他的例外（如用吉普车进行越野旅行），但是在这些新型的娱乐活动之间，共存着这样一条线索：战后遗留的的新技术和设备的过度运用，以及成长中新贵人群对于旅行和户外活动的兴趣的增长。

The quantitative and qualitative methodologies were both used in this thesis, andby presently observing of English Immersion classroom teaching and video taperecording, a lot of information about teacher-child speech interaction was collected. Theinternational Child Language Data Exchange System, known as CHILDES, wasadopted to analyze the collected information qualitatively and quantitatively.

本项研究采用量化研究和质性研究相结合的方法，通过对幼儿园大、中、小班英语浸入式教学活动的现场观察和录像收集师幼言语互动语料，运用国际通用的儿童语言数据交流系统——CHILDES，对收集到的师幼互动交流言语数据进行统计分析，在对研究资料进行量化分析的同时，对研究结果进行质性的分析和讨论，并提出了相应的教学建议。

I am accused of being overreligious," she said in her quiet, frank manner,"but that does not prevent me thinking the children very cruel who obstinately commit such suicide.""

客人们在卡罗利娜·埃凯家里，举止就文雅一些，因为卡罗利娜的母亲治家很严厉。

Designed by French fashion house Herm è s, this elegant uniform was manufactured in our home, Hong Kong, and was the first without a hat.

由著名品牌 Herm è s 设计，这件高贵的制服是香港本土制造，是我们第一套不配帽子的制服。