在进行中

Based on the research production, with three prestressed concrete hollow slabs from the bridge in active service for ten years, this essay studies the ultimate bearing power ,the load-bearing failure mechanism and structure reenforcement measures influence on them, through examination of each performance index, failing load test, theoretical analysis and computing research work.

对预应力混凝土桥梁结构在使用中存在的问题及国内外相关研究发展水平进行了综述，指出目前对旧桥预应力混凝土空心板实际极限承载能力进行相关研究的必要性及其重大意义； 2、对旧桥预应力混凝土空心板的混凝土强度、碳化深度、预应力筋的锈蚀状况以及裂缝状况的检测评定； 3、通过破坏荷载试验，对损伤旧桥预应力混凝土空心板的受力性能进行试验评定； 4、采用在桥面做混凝土叠合层的加固措施，通过破坏荷载试验对加固后的旧桥预应力混凝土空心板的受力性能进行评定； 5、提出在役旧桥预应力混凝土空心板的维护、加固和使用建议。

This paper has studied the physiological and biochemical changes during the period of forming strong buds of tree peony, and expect to provide academic basis for extending its view value and economic benefit . The main results are as the following:1 Under the field condition, Characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony are very regular. From before blooming to the prophase of abducting buds that after blooming ,that is April,May and June,the net photosynthetic rate of tree peony is higher than the other period .It indicates that this period is very important for accumulating photosynthetic products of tree peony . So, if we want to get quality flower of tree peony ,it is very important to strengthen the management of tree peony cultivation and to ensure provide the fertilizer and water.2 From the middle ten days of June, with the time elapsing and with the environment conditions worsening, the characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony decline deeply. But it is different among different tree peony breeds. For example , cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng can also has higher net photosynthetic rate, it indicates that cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng is super than the other two tree peony breeds when adapting the environment conditions and cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng has wide prospect to extend .3 The main factors of effecting the characteristics of photosynthesis are stomatal factor and non-stomatal factor ,that is the ability of photosynthesis of leaf cells. Under the environment of high light intensity in midsummer, if overshadow tree peony properly, then it can slow the declining of chlorophyll content, and increase the net photosynthetic rate and benefit for the accumulating of photosynthetic products.4 The content of soluble sugar in the root of tree peony is the highest among different organs during the period of forming strong buds . According to analyse ,we believe that the soluble sugar will compose starch then, and provide the solid base of material for the growth and development next year. It provide us strong academic basis of adopting the method of cultivating root and protecting root under thefield environment conditions .In other words ,it will help to increase the health level of the whole plant of tree peony and will be beneficial to forming quality tree peony flower if we strengthen the management of root. 5 To tree peony, the endogenesis hormone is important for its growth and development .In the prophase ,that is about the blooming of tree peony and the mid-summer ,IAA and ZR contents are higher and GA content is lower and its changes are very little, and the content of ABA is decreasing . This indicates that IAA and ZR act the important promote function for growth and development of tree peony in this period, and the function of GA is not important. Bur in the period of anniversary senescence of tree peony , the content of IAA and ZR begin to decrease ,while the ABA content has a certain rebound .T

本研究对几个牡丹品种壮芽形成过程中的某些生理生化变化做了研究，以期了解牡丹生长发育过程中生理生化的变化规律，探讨大田栽培条件下提高牡丹花质量的栽培措施和管理技术，为提高牡丹的观赏价值和经济效益提供理论依据，结果如下：1 大田栽培条件下，牡丹光合特性在生长发育过程中表现出极强的规律性，牡丹各品种的光合速率从牡丹开花前，到牡丹花谢后的花芽诱导期前期（6月10日之前），也就是在4、5、6月份，各牡丹品种的净光合速率相对与其他时间都维持在比较高的水平，这说明，在这段时间，是牡丹光合产物积累的重要时期，因此，要保证得到高质量的牡丹花，在这段时间加强对牡丹的栽培管理，保证这个时期的肥水供应十分重要。2 从6月中旬后，随时间的推移，环境条件的恶化，牡丹的光合性能剧烈下降，但是不同牡丹品种间仍有差异，比如，乌龙捧盛仍可维持较高的光合水平，这说明了乌龙捧盛这个牡丹品种对于环境的适应性较之其他牡丹品种高，有着广泛的推广前景。3 影响牡丹光合性能的主要因子是气孔因素和非气孔因素即叶肉细胞的光合能力，在盛夏高温高光强的环境条件下，对牡丹进行适当遮荫，能缓解牡丹叶绿素水平的下降，适当提高Pn，有利于光合产物的积累。4 可溶性糖在牡丹各品种的壮芽形成过程中，根中可溶性糖的含量在牡丹各部位中始终维持最高水平，分析认为这些可溶性糖在根系中进一步合成淀粉等储藏性物质，为来年牡丹的生长提供雄厚的物质基础，这为我们在大田栽培条件下对牡丹采取养根护根的栽培措施提供了有力的理论依据，即在大田栽培条件下，加强对牡丹根系的管理，有助于提高牡丹整株的健壮程度，有益于形成高质量的牡丹花。5内源激素对牡丹的生长发育调节作用是十分明显的，在前期，即开花前后和盛夏，IAA和ZR含量维持在比较高的水平，GA含量低且变化不明显，ABA含量逐渐降低，说明了IAA和ZR对牡丹在这段时间内的生长发育起到重要的促进作用，GA的作用不是很明显，ABA可能在高温高光强下有明显的升高，也说明了ABA的确有一些促进作用，但是到了牡丹周年衰老期，IAA和ZR的含量开始下降，ABA含量却有了一定程度的反弹，说明了IAA和ZR的作用开始降低，ABA起到了促进衰老的作用

Researcher asked people in 47 countries around the world.they also ask them they think of the effort of doner nations.the founding are remain new kinds of pure globe health survey.majorities in almost every country said wealthy nations are not doing enough to help poor ones.that includs help with encomic development,reducing powerty and improving health.but in countries that recevied the most development aid.people were much more likely to say that wealthy nations are doing enough and in wealthy nations there were strong supports to do more help.the kinds of families foudation and pure globe attitude did the survey.the top health concern in the Latin America and east countries in the survey was fighting hungy and poor nurtrition.in central and easten Europ, people said they warring most about their ability to get health care and in parts of Afrian and Asia,the most ??

研究者访问了全球47个国家的人民。研究者还询问了受调查者对捐助国所做努力的看法。研究结果刊登在新的？？全球健康调查中。几乎每个国家的大多数人都说在帮助较为贫穷的国家方面，更富有的国家做的不够多。这包括辅助经济发展、减轻贫困以及改善卫生健康。但在接受发展援助最多的国家中，人们可能会说富有的国家已经做的足够多了。并且，在较富有的国家，人们强烈支持进行更多的帮助。？？全球态度调查计划进行了此项调查。在调查中，拉丁美洲和中东的国家最关注的健康问题是消除饥饿和营养不良。在中欧和东欧，人们说他们最担心的就是他们获得卫生保健的能力。

Through the analysis of orthogonal test, corn dietary fiber handling method and its most appropriate amount in ic e cream were decided,that is corn dietary fiber is squeezed out,the amount in ice cream is 6%,and amount of stabilizator is not increased,the ice cream i s good in oral sense, fine and smooth, overrun is 98%, and thaw-resistance is be st.

本研究采用高压蒸煮法和挤压法对玉米膳食纤维进行处理，并对不同处理方法的玉米膳食纤维在冰淇淋中的应用特性进行了研究，通过正交试验分析，确定了适于加入冰淇淋中的玉米膳食纤维种类及其在冰淇淋中的最佳用量。

The present invention is characterized in that the ammonium metatungstate powders and the cobltic-nitrate powders are respectively dissolved in the water and scattered in the liquid nitrogen to be pre-frozen using a nitrogen spray gun after being mixed and defecated, and then are placed in a freezedryer to be dried vacuumly and finally the powders are obtained. The nanometer powder i.e. the nano tungsten-cobalt composite powder is obtained by reducing the freeze-dried mixed powder in the atmosphere of hydrogen.

该微晶硬质合金的制备方法特征为：将偏钨酸铵粉末与硝酸高钴粉末分别溶于水中，混合澄清后使用氮气喷枪，将其分散在液氮中预冻后置于冻干机中进行真空干燥得到粉末；在氢气气氛中对冻干的混合粉末进行还原得到纳米粉体，即钨钴纳米复合粉体。

This article embarks from my school actual situation, elaborated from five aspects raises the student creative thought the necessity and the possibility, the union concrete teaching practice, take applies the heuristic teaching to build the creative thought scene as the student, in the classroom in striation pays great attention to stimulates student"s seeking knowledge desire, lights student"s creative thought desire fire, fully displays the historical data the function, takes to accumulate, the collection source material, the organization discusses, encourages to question, excavates the student latent creation consciousness, raises aspect and so on migration ability which student"s contrast inference extrapolates has carried on the exploration, has yielded the trifle result on the student body, simultaneously to explored the question which discovered to carry on reconsidering, Realized to raises student"s creative thought by no means merit of the first, needs the historical teacher to persevere, relentlessly diligently, also needs unceasingly to summarize, reconsidering, the enhancement in the practice.

本文从我校的实际情况出发，从五个方面阐述了培养学生创造性思维的必要性和可能性，结合具体教学实践，以应用启发式教学为学生营造创造性思维情景；课堂教学中注重激发学生的求知欲望，点燃学生的创造性思维的欲火；充分发挥史料的作用；重视积累、收集素材，组织讨论；鼓励质疑，挖掘学生潜在的创造意识；培养学生的对比推理举一反三的迁移能力等方面进行了探索，在学生身上取得了些许成果。同时对探索中发现的问题进行了反思，认识到培养学生的创造性思维并非一日之功，需要历史教师持之以恒，坚持不懈地努力，也需要在实践中不断总结、反思、提高。

Volume 1 introduces the history of accordion , Volume 2 is about the preliminary spread of accordion in China . I dug into great amount of concerning historical data of four aspects, they are the early accordion textbooks, the accordion activities happened in Shanghai, Haerbin and Yanan, which veritably resurges the development of accordion art in China before 1949. Volume 3 reveals the development of Chinese accordion art from after 1949, I focused on five aspects, namely the production, education, performance, theoretical study and communication between China and foreign counties, in time order. This part comprehensively shows the plenty fruits of accordion art in around 50 years after the foundation of China. Volume 4 mainly concerns the development of Chinese accordion music composing. It reviews the history in four periods. Meanwhile, this part also analyses in detail the nationalization pursuit and the utilization of performance skills in composing.

第一章是对&手风琴历史源流&的介绍；第二章是&中国最初的手风琴艺术传播&，本人挖掘出大量的相关史料，从&早期的中国手风琴教科书、上海、哈尔滨和延安的手风琴活动&四个方面进行了研究，真实地再现了1949年以前的中国手风琴艺术发展；第三章是&新中国成立以来的手风琴艺术发展&，分别从&乐器制造、手风琴教育、表演、理论研究与中外交流&五个方面按时间顺序进行了论述，全面反映了手风琴艺术在新中国成立后50余年所取得的丰硕成果；第四章是&中国手风琴音乐创作的发展&，论文将手风琴音乐创作分为四个时期进行了历史的回顾，并对创作中的民族化追求以及手风琴演奏技巧在创作中的运用作了具体分析。

Comparison of the coding regions of BH1-BH4 genes showed that BH1 had a lower sequence identity to other previously published B-hordeins than the other three B-hordeins obtained in this study. BH1 was then cloned in a bacterial expression vector based on bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. The resulting plasmid produced a 28.15 kDa protein in Escherichia coli. The potential value of B-hordein genes in grain quality improvement of hull-less barley has been discussed.

并且，在4个基因BH1～BH4中，BH1与先前报道的B组醇溶蛋白基因有较低的序列相似性，因此我们对BH1基因进行了原核表达，含该基因的表达载体在大肠杆菌中表达出相对分子质量为28.15 kDa并以包涵体形式存在的蛋白，进一步对其在青稞谷粒品质改良中的潜在价值进行了探讨。

The invention comprises the following steps: summating and counting the added playing times of the acoustic frequency song in the portable media device when playing any acoustic frequency song; updating and saving in the current playing acoustic frequency song list; displaying the first acoustic frequency song list and the second acoustic frequency song list for the users in the picture according to the summated and counted acoustic frequency song playing frequency and the updated and saved current playing acoustic frequency song list when the user requests to play the song and uses the quick search music function; displaying the acoustic frequency song list according to the high sequence of the user playing frequency.

本发明包括：在便携式多媒体设备中，当播放任意音频曲目时，对该音频曲目增加的播放次数进行累积计数，并在最近播放的音频曲目列表中进行更新存储，当使用者要求播放曲目而使用快速检索音乐功能时，便能参照累积计数的音频曲目播放频度和被更新存储的最近播放的音频曲目列表，在画面中显示可供使用者选择的第1音频曲目列表和第2音频曲目列表，按照使用者播放频度高的顺序以及最近播放的顺序显示音频曲目列表。

It is also given a lively description of the competition between interrogatives of Ge VP and VPnegVP based on the sociolinguistic investigation.

不仅从共时与历时两方面来研究昆明方言，而且运用社会语言学的方法进行调查，挖掘在共时状态正在进行的语法变异暗流，发现受普通话影响，&VP不VP&结构已深入到昆明方言短语层面，在表示非疑问正反对举中，它已抢占了&格vP&结构的部分地盘，两者的竞争正在进行中。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。