在西方

The famous contemporary American aesthetician Thomas Munro initiates actively aesthetics towards science, the scientific aesthetics has been produced a widespread arid profound influence to western aesthetics., and it has been one of the two main kinds of western aesthetics.

当代美国著名美学家托马斯·门罗积极倡导美学应走科学美学之路，科学美学在西方美学界也产生了普遍而深远的影响，成为当代西方美学两大类型之一。

Heidegger's existentialist aestheticism has played a very important part in the history of western aesthetics.

海德格尔的存在论美学在西方美学史上具有重要的地位，几乎达到了可以与任何时代的西方美学思想相对话的境地。

In the late of Ming dynast and in the early of Qing dynast, much western scientific knowledge were introduced into China by missionaries, so the axiomatic method came to our country together.

明末清初随着《几何原本》等西方文献的汉译，在西方社会盛行了近两千年的公理化方法来到了中国。

This time it is not, however, confined to Western society and Western history.

这一回的转变并不局限在西方社会和西方历史。

In the west, artists have emphasized the role of material in artworks for 150 years from Courbet featured with realism to cubism of collage and then to the minimalism in 1960s in the west. It has never played such an independent role as a medium.

在西方，艺术家对于材料本身表现力的强调已经有近150年的历史了，从现实主义的库尔贝到立体主义的实物拼贴，再到西方60年代的极少主义，作为艺术媒介方式的材料从未有过如此独立的表现力。

In Western philosophy, the deus otiosus concept has been attributed to deism, a 17th–18th-century Western rationalistic religio-philosophical movement, in its view of a nonintervening creator of the universe.

在西方哲学中，deus otiosus的概念被认为是由17~18世纪西方兴起的理性宗教-哲学运动的自然神论者提出的。因为他们的观点同样是宇宙的创造者不干涉论。

It mainly includes English vocabulary derived from Dionysus, the theory of archetype and the influence of Dionysus on western literature, the special charm of Dionysia and its influence and the spirit of Dionysus s impact on western culture.

希腊神话中的主神－酒神狄奥尼索斯在西方文化各个领域中产生深远的影响，其中主要包括从酒神派生出的词语、神话原型理论及酒神对西方文学产生的影响、酒神节的魅力及对希腊女性的影响、酒神精神4个方面。

This paper reviews the exploration of the subjectivity issues in the history of western philosophy ideology, and makes further research of the process of the establishment and development of methodology of the human sciences in the western philosophy, especially in the traditional literae humaniores of Germany philosophy. Besides, this paper deeply and thoroughly analyses and criticize the contribution of the objectivism research attitude which is gradually getting rid of the thoughts of "the dichotomy of subject/object" and "rational dogmatism" hi philosophy research, history research and pedagogy research.

研究系统考察了西方哲学思想史上有关主体性问题的探索，重点考察了人文科学方法论在西方哲学、尤其在有着人文思想传统的德国哲学中的形成发展过程，对哲学研究、史学研究和教育学研究逐步摆脱&主客二分&和&理性独断&思维方式及客观主义研究态度做出的贡献进行了比较深入、全面的批判分析。

From the origin of collective agreement and its historical development in western countries, we can see the importance of its status in social lives and the reasons why it has developed into a basic system in the western world.

从集体合同的起源及在西方的历史演变过程中，我们可以看出集体合同制度在社会生活中的重要作用以及它之所以发展成为西方世界一项基本制度且长盛不衰的原因。

During Kekkonen's Government period, faced forceful Soviet Union diplomatic pressure, without efficient support from western nations. Given this, Finland chose bandwagoning neutral policy. However, due to muiti-parties and semi-president system at home, President Kekkonen could persist its government under threat from Soviet Union for 25 years, and use Soviet Union's support to increase Finnish influence to the western world, thus he personal won the historical reputation, in the meantime raise the national security.

中文摘要芬兰在凯克宁政府时期，因国家地理位置而面临苏联强大的外交压力，在西方阵营无法给予有效支援的情形下，芬兰选择扈从中立政策，然而该政策因国内多党现状与半总统制的因素，使得凯克宁总统对内得以藉苏联威胁论，持续执政达25年之久，对外运用苏联支持，增加芬兰对西方阵营的影响力，为渠个人赢得历史地位，也增加芬兰的国家安全。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。