在西方

Actually, if we want to seriously discuss about 'Modernity', we'll find out that this issue has an awkward situation in China. Let's forget about the sociological issues and let's simply start from visual arts. The old generation of artists who brought western arts to China, actually brought along western classic arts academism that is just small part of western classic art, and it's far of being exhaustive. Furthermore, what they brought along went through many changes due to the contact with revolutionary realism and local culture. The result of this process was what was called "Modern Art" in China. After having arrived in China, a part of the western artistic academicism became "Chinese Modern Arts" and this misplacement still exists. Perhaps it comes from a creative misreading, however whether it has the capability of becoming an independent system or not, still remains uncertain.

事实上，当我们想认真的讨论"现代性"时，就会发现这一问题在中国有着极其尴尬的处境，且不谈社会学角度，从视觉艺术这个很小的角度切入，将西方艺术带入中国本土的老一代艺术家们带来的其实是西方学院派的艺术，是西方古典艺术的尾巴或被革命现实主义化了的西方古典艺术，而被带入中国本土后却被称为"现代艺术"，直至今日当代艺术在西方的学理支撑到了中国本土变成了被断章取义的只言片语，这其间"错位"一直存在着，或许这是一种有创造性的误读，但误读的主体是否具有独立消化能力的系统值得商榷。

And through the study of the operating mechanism of the application environment, this paper also explores how to conduct the education reform of management accounting after China's entry into WTO.

所以 ，研究中国管理会计应用环境，对探索入世后我国管理会计教育改革具有指导作用。二、分析模型现代管理会计源于 2 0世纪 2 0～ 30年代的西方，并在西方得到发展，与西方发达的市场经济环境相适应。

So, as western hegemony is challenged the media and western-funded INGOs in the guise of universal defenders of human rights turn the spotlight on those who are responsible for eroding western supremacy instead of the much-needed introspection that would show their governments are hardly an attar of roses.

因此，在西方霸权受到挑战之时，媒体及西方资助的国际非政府组织以捍卫普世人权为借口，把注意力引到那些侵蚀西方霸权的人身上，而不是进行自省。

Given the failure of India and South Africa and the success of China, it is not surprising that Gandhi and Mandela are lionized in the West whereas Mao is hated to this day by the Western punditry and too hot for the Western intelligentsia to handle.

比较印度，南非的失败和中国的成功，人们就不会感到惊讶为什么甘地和曼德拉在西方被封为神，而毛泽东直到今天还被西方的学者痛恨着。他的勇气炙热到西方的知识界至今都无法面对。

The rationalist mode of thinking, as one of the important characteristics of the Western culture , has led to the development of scientific management and deep influence on modern western management.

西方文化传统中特有的理性主义思维方式不仅决定了科学管理在西方的出现，而且对现代西方管理产生了深远的影响

In the Renaissance,which from Italy in 14 century,over the west in 15-16 century, librated the western from the medieval feudal system and the domination of the church thearchy.

在西方14世纪源于意大利、15至16世纪遍及西方的文艺复兴运动，使西方从中世纪的封建制度与教会神权的统战下解放出来。

The rough translations of the "Four Books" and other Chinese classical works by Western missionaries, and the publication of Pere du Halde's Description Geographique, Historique, Chronologique, Politique, et Physique de I' Empire de la Chine revealed an exotic culture to Western readers, and sparked a "China fever," during which the eyes of many Western intellectuals were fixed on China.

西方传教士对《四书》等中国经典的粗略翻译，以及杜赫德的《中华帝国志》等书对中国的介绍，在西方读者的眼前展现了一个异域文明，在当时及稍后一段时期引起了一场&中国热&，许多西方大思想家的眼光都曾注目中国文化。

One mainreason is that the origin of the current computertechnology was built upon the western system oflanguage and logic, which makes it almost impossiblefor Chinese architects to over take the current ongoingdigital intelligence collectively. Other than that, insubjective level, we tend to pursue the mentalsatisfaction escalating from the void, which is gettingmore embraced in technology evolvement of themodern history. Consequently it is prevalent for us tosing high praise of our tradition and profound easternculture while envisaging the western wave. Low-Techis one of those approaches showing our wisdom ofavoiding the opponent's strength by exaggeratingour own advantages instead.

为什么这种现象没有在中国广泛发生，这里有客观物质条件的原因，当代数字化科技的源动力计算机是建构在西方世界的语言和逻辑体系上的，软件和技术方面的更新，让我们首先要克服语言和思考逻辑上的屏障，在群体层面上达到并超过西方日益创新的数字化技术就显得捉襟见肘；其次，在主观思维上，我们的文化更倾向于务&虚&，追求精神的陶冶和满足，加之技术方面存在欠缺，就更让我们倾向于和西方探讨只有我们才有的东方博大的文化传统，&低技&的策略，应该说体现了一种我们中国人聪明的避实击虚的策略。

The first part will discuss the simulative writing of vanguard novels, which is impacted by west culture. First, based on the overthrowing truth, disconstructing the chain of polts, the time and place of physics, clearing up the characteristics, disclosing the openness of text, we'll analyze their imitating the narrative model of postmodernism. After that, in terms of the cultural differences resulting from different social context, we'll analysis the limit of transplanting modern west tragic spirit.

论文上篇论述实验探索小说在西方文化冲击下的模拟写作，即：首先从实验探索小说颠覆真实性、解构情节链条及物理时空、消解人物性格特征、展示文本的开放性这几方面分析其对西方后现代叙事模式的模拟；然后通过中西方悲剧产生的不同社会文化背景所造成的文化特质的差异分析实验探索小说横移西方现代主义悲剧精神的局限。

The long-standing and well-established Chinese culture spread in western world cultivated Pound's great interest in it and the broad and profound Confucian thought definitely made Pound not only get to know the oriental civilization contending with western Christian culture , but obtain the effective "medicine" to cure the western spiritual crisis.

源远流长的中国文化在西方的传播培育了庞德对中国文化的兴趣，博大精深的儒家思想使庞德不仅结识了可以与西方基督教文明相抗衡的东方文明，而且得到了解决西方精神危机的良药。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。