在衰落

Three approximate methods (called as scaling, rectangle and trapezia methods respectively) for performance analysis of orthogonal space-time block code with M-ary phase shift keying and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation over flat Rayleigh fading channels are proposed, and their approximate performance expressions are given-The analysis of approximate results shows that OSTBC can obtain full diversity orders.

在平坦瑞利衰落信道下，提出了3种正交空时分组码在MPSK和MQAM调制下的近似性能分析方法（分别称为放缩法、矩形法和梯形法），并给出其近似表达式。通过对近似结果的分析，OSTBC能获得满分集增益。

And the basic principles of coding and decoding of Turbo Codes are discussed, the MAP and Max-Log-MAP algorithms which are suitable for the Turbo Code are detailedly discussed. Then, because the interleaves technology has important influence in radio channel, the article provides the detailed scheme of implementation in WCDMA system. Besides providing a series of simulation illuminates the influence of interleave-length to the Turbo-code performance.

由于交织技术是为了抵抗无线信道的噪声以及衰落的影响而采取的时间分集技术，在WCDMA的编码过程中具有重要的作用，所以本文对交织技术在WCDMA系统中的应用也做了详细介绍，并且通过仿真说明了交织长度对Turbo码性能的影响。

It is the same forever almost-falling that poises the chemical pathways of the Earth's biosphere in purposeful disequilibrium.

在有目的的失调中保持地球生物圈在化学路径上的平衡也同样永远都近乎衰落将跌未跌，见5.3 。

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为&知识—文化&传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

The worst frost damage occurs in areas that are usually frost-free, where exposed mature tropical trees, such as mango, or indigenous plants , such as tree ferns and eucalypts, can be set back or even killed.

最严重的霜冻破坏经常发生在像暴露在外面的成熟起的热带雨林那些霜冻经常发生的地区。像蕨类植物的树木，和桉树，会衰落或死亡。

In wireless broadband digital communication, Inter-Symbol Interference caused by time disperse of radio channel is one of main factors that limit bandwidth of communicated information and system performance of communication. In receiver, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing system can easily cancel ISI and equalize frequency-selective fadings that are both caused by time disperse of radio channel.

在这一系统中，无线信道时延扩展引起的符号间干扰是限制传输性能和信息速率的主要因素之一；而在消除符号间干扰和均衡由无线信道时延扩展引起的频率选择性衰落方面，正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，OFDM)技术具有明显优势。

In some majority-Muslim countries today such as Turkey, Morocco, Yemen and Syria, the tradition of going to hammams remains popular, but the ritual has broadly declined in the region.

在现今主要的穆斯林国家比如土耳其，摩洛哥，也门以及叙利亚，到公共浴室的传统依然被保持着。但是在这些地区沐浴的仪式已经逐渐衰落了。

The Hellenistic has always been considered as the decline phase of speculative philosophy. Most literates think that the interest on epistemology and ontology in the classical tradition of Greek has been changed to the pursuit of serene soul during this period. Among them, the theory of Stoicism, especially the Mediation of Marcus Aurelius which is the representative of the late stoicism, in such trend of research, has also been identified as an ethic work.

晚期希腊一直被视为思辨哲学衰落时段，大部分学者认为在这个时期，希腊古典传统中对知识论、存在论问题的兴趣转向了对如何获得内心安宁的追求，其中斯多亚学派的学说，尤其是晚期斯多亚学派的代表马可·奥勒留的《沉思录》也在这样的研究倾向中被定位为伦理学的著作。

The optimum channel capacity for using diversity technique in the Nakagami fading or Weibull fading channels has been derived based on the optimum capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channel model.

在多天线高斯信道最佳容量的基础上，推导出在Nakagami和Weibull衰落下，采用分集技术的最佳信道容量的数学表达式。

Thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.

在美国，这一返朴趋势是以经济衰落的反应为开始的--那是在80年

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。