在航海中

While reading Bligh's journal I found that his crew suffered an incredible amount due to being cold and even complained more about being cold than being hungry.

在阅读布莱的航海日志时我发现，他的船员们在各种艰难困苦中，寒冷是最令他们难以忍受的，他们抱怨寒冷的次数甚至要比抱怨挨饿的多。

To oversee all the details yourself in person; to be at once pilot and captain, and owner and underwriter; to buy and sell and keep the accounts; to read every letter received, and write or read every letter sent; to superintend the discharge of imports night and day; to be upon many parts of the coast almost at the same time -- often the richest freight will be discharged upon a Jersey shore;-- to be your own telegraph, unweariedly sweeping the horizon, speaking all passing vessels bound coastwise; to keep up a steady despatch of commodities, for the supply of such a distant and exorbitant market; to keep yourself informed of the state of the markets, prospects of war and peace everywhere, and anticipate the tendencies of trade and civilization -- taking advantage of the results of all exploring expeditions, using new passages and all improvements in navigation;-- charts to be studied, the position of reefs and new lights and buoys to be ascertained, and ever, and ever, the logarithmic tables to be corrected, for by the error of some calculator the vessel often splits upon a rock that should have reached a friendly pier -- there is the untold fate of La Perouse;-- universal science to be kept pace with, studying the lives of all great discoverers and navigators, great adventurers and merchants, from Hanno and the Phoenicians down to our day; in fine, account of stock to be taken from time to time, to know how you stand.

亲自照顾一切大小事务；兼任领航员与船长，业主与保险商；买进卖出又记账；收到的信件每封都读过，发出的信件每封都亲自撰写或审阅；日夜监督进口货的卸落；几乎在海岸上的许多地方，你都同时出现了似的；——那装货最多的船总是在泽西岸上卸落的；——自己还兼电报员，不知疲倦地发通讯到远方去，和所有驰向海岸的船只联络；稳当地售出货物，供给远方的一个无餍足的市场，既要熟悉行情，你还要明了各处的战争与和平的情况，预测贸易和文明的趋向；——利用所有探险的成果，走最新的航道，利用一切航海技术上的进步；——再要研究海图，确定珊瑚礁和新的灯塔、浮标的位置，而航海图表是永远地改而又改，因为若计算上有了一点错误，船只会冲撞在一块岩石上而至于粉碎的，不然它早该到达了一个友好的码头了——，此外，还有拉·贝鲁斯的未知的命运；——还得步步跟上宇宙科学，要研究一切伟大的发现者、航海家、探险家和商人，从迦太探险家饭能和腓尼基人直到现在所有这些人的一生，最后，时刻要记录栈房中的货物，你才知道自己处于什么位置上。

The construction of the international shipping center, besides offering advanced hardware facilities, the soft environment of the high-quality, high-efficient, security is the condition that an international shipping center must possess too, and the good water traffic safety order is an extremely important condition of soft environment in an international shipping center construction, in order to adapt to the construction of the international shipping center of Shanghai, port unit like customs , frontier unit put into a large amount of manpower and materials and the soft environmental constructions related to international shipping center in succession, meanwhile, to ensure the work to put forward the new request of Shanghai Maritime Affairs Bureau who is responsible for Shanghai harbor water traffic safety supervision management and boat policy management, in order to adapt to the construction of fast-developing international shipping center of Shanghai, it is immanency to research and construct and implement of boat policy to develop the high-capacity and high-technology patrol ships.

国际航运中心的建设除了提供先进的硬件设施以外，优质、高效、安全的软环境也是国际航运中心必须具备的条件，而良好的水上交通安全秩序是国际航运中心建设软环境中一个极其重要的条件，为适应上海国际航运中心的建设，口岸单位象海关、边防等单位相继投入大量的人力物力建设与国际航运中心相配套的软环境设施，与此同时，对作为上海港水上交通安全监督管理主管机关的上海海事局的航政管理、航海保障工作提出了新的要求，为适应快速发展的上海国际航运中心的建设，研究开发和建设实施航政管理、航海保障任务主要手段的高性能和高技术含量的巡逻船舶在当前显得十分迫切。

This extension may also have taken place in a nautical context, for the earliest, more generalized use of junk is found in the compound junk shop, referring to a store where old materials from ships were sold.

该词的词义延伸也可能已经出现在与航海有关的背景中，因为junk 一词最早的、更为概括性的使用是在 junk shop 这一复合词中发现的。

Captain Parrish recorded in his ship's log: On 6 December 1777, we discovered a group of remote and windswept islands not appearing on our charts.

船长杰弗里帕里什在他的航海日志中写道： 1777 年12 月6 日，我们发现了许多偏僻的，受风侵袭的岛屿，但该岛并没有在我们航海志上显示。

Shots of the Mariner swinging form the mast of his trimaran, sliding down the wire in the final action scene or bungy jumping, reveal a star who is risking his own life.

航海者在三体帆船的桅杆上面摇摆着，在最后的动作镜头中从钢丝绳索的一头从高处跳到地面上——这些连续的惊险镜头显示出一位明星自己在冒着生命危险。

They say that springs of sweet fresh water well up amid the brine of salt seas; that the fairest Alpine flowers bloom in the wildest and most rugged mountain passes; that the noblest psalms were the outcome of the profoundest agony of soul.

航海者知道甘泉是在苦且咸的海水中找到的；旅行家知道阿尔卑斯山最美丽的花是开在最荒僻，最崎岖的山路上的；属灵人知道最宝贵的诗篇是在最痛苦的时候写成的。

To avoid the collision accidents of ships at sea, with the universalizing and application of computer, and the development and maturity of the technology of Expert System and Artificial Intelligent, this paper developed an intelligent collision avoidance expert system for navigation. The main research work centers on several aspects, which will be represented as below:By the navigation rules" understanding and analyzing, and by the navigation experience and navigation samples" collecting and trimming, we put forth and build a multi-unit and layering KB systematic structure, and implement the KBM. According to features of different knowledge, we adopt multifarious KR, such as: frame KR, production rule KR, procedure KR. We also build a multi-inference system, which based on analog inference, forward illation inference, conversion inference and meta-rule inference. At the same time, we develop each reasoning algorithm. For some problems in collision avoidance region during the building of the expert system, we put forth and build a set of models to solve them using neural network technology.

为了避免船舶间碰撞事故的发生，结合计算机技术在各类船舶中的普及与应用、专家系统技术及人工智能技术的发展、成熟，本文研制、开发了一种具有一定智能的航海避碰专家系统，主要内容包括以下几个方面：通过对航海规则的理解与分析，对航海经验、航海实例的搜集、整理，提出并建立起了航海避碰专家系统的多元分层知识库体系结构，并实现了知识库的管理；根据不同知识的特点，分别采用了框架、产生式规则、过程等多种知识表示方法；提出了一种基于类比推理、正向演绎推理、换位推理及元级推理等的多种推理机制，并建立起了相应的推理算法；引入神经网络技术，针对在建立专家系统过程中所遇到的有关避碰领域内的一些难题，提出并建立了相应解决问题的模型，其中包括：船舶类型的识别，会遇态势的分类及避碰危险的评估。

Zheng He fleet is "chop wood for the disk, the book's characters engraved Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches, the needle floating in water, point to The Spectacle of Boats Sailing" is used in water gyrocompass, the Heavenly Stems, Earthly Branches, baguazhang, formed with the five elements, divided into 20 four different directions, if the needle and then taken into account, a total of 48 directions, each the equivalent of a modern compass azimuth 15 degrees, a total of 360 degrees, which the ancients used to guide navigation course has been quite a precise.

郑和船队是&斫木为盘，书刻干支之字，浮针于水，指向行舟&，用的正是水罗经，有天干、地支、八卦、五行配合而成，分有二十四个不同方位，如果再把缝针计算在内，一共四十八个方向，每一方位相当于现代罗盘的十五度，共三百六十度，这在古人航海中用以指导航向已颇为精确了。

ENC data are foundations of ECDIS platform, so guaranteeing ENC data the latest and the security of ENC data becomes the primary problem in the course of using ECDIS platform. In order to guarantee the security and integrality of the data sent to ENC users, all Data Servers have taken the corresponding protective measures, these measures different with each other, so hindered security of the navigation and update of ENC data.

由于ENC数据是ECDIS平台显示的基础，所以确保ENC数据最新以及保证ENC数据的安全成为ECDIS平台在应用过程中的首要问题，各数据服务商为了确保发送给ENC用户数据的安全性和完整性，都采取了相应的保护措施，这些措施各不相同，阻碍了航海的安全和ENC数据的更新，为了解决这个问题，国际海道组织制定了保护ENC数据的国际标准——S-63标准，该标准不仅能保护ENC数据生产商的利益和合法权益，而且能够大大提高航海安全。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。