在生长发育中

Pre-school children's eyes in the growth and development has a certain degree of physiological hyperopia, eye development is the normal course of its normal value for :3-4-year-old hyperopia within 200 degrees, 4-5-year-old hypermetropia less than 150 degrees, 6-8-year-old hypermetropia less than 100, more than the normal range, and compared with the abnormal or pathological hyperopia.

学龄前儿童的眼睛在生长发育中有一定的生理远视，是眼发育的正常过程，它的正常值为：3-4岁远视200度以内，4-5岁远视150度以内，6-8岁远视100以内，超过正常范围的，则为异常的或病理性远视。

People have had study to indicate insulin and insulin-like growth factor play an important part in skeletal muscle development.

已有的研究表明，胰岛素和类胰岛素生长因子在骨骼肌的生长发育中具有重要作用。

This paper has studied the physiological and biochemical changes during the period of forming strong buds of tree peony, and expect to provide academic basis for extending its view value and economic benefit . The main results are as the following:1 Under the field condition, Characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony are very regular. From before blooming to the prophase of abducting buds that after blooming ,that is April,May and June,the net photosynthetic rate of tree peony is higher than the other period .It indicates that this period is very important for accumulating photosynthetic products of tree peony . So, if we want to get quality flower of tree peony ,it is very important to strengthen the management of tree peony cultivation and to ensure provide the fertilizer and water.2 From the middle ten days of June, with the time elapsing and with the environment conditions worsening, the characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony decline deeply. But it is different among different tree peony breeds. For example , cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng can also has higher net photosynthetic rate, it indicates that cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng is super than the other two tree peony breeds when adapting the environment conditions and cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng has wide prospect to extend .3 The main factors of effecting the characteristics of photosynthesis are stomatal factor and non-stomatal factor ,that is the ability of photosynthesis of leaf cells. Under the environment of high light intensity in midsummer, if overshadow tree peony properly, then it can slow the declining of chlorophyll content, and increase the net photosynthetic rate and benefit for the accumulating of photosynthetic products.4 The content of soluble sugar in the root of tree peony is the highest among different organs during the period of forming strong buds . According to analyse ,we believe that the soluble sugar will compose starch then, and provide the solid base of material for the growth and development next year. It provide us strong academic basis of adopting the method of cultivating root and protecting root under thefield environment conditions .In other words ,it will help to increase the health level of the whole plant of tree peony and will be beneficial to forming quality tree peony flower if we strengthen the management of root. 5 To tree peony, the endogenesis hormone is important for its growth and development .In the prophase ,that is about the blooming of tree peony and the mid-summer ,IAA and ZR contents are higher and GA content is lower and its changes are very little, and the content of ABA is decreasing . This indicates that IAA and ZR act the important promote function for growth and development of tree peony in this period, and the function of GA is not important. Bur in the period of anniversary senescence of tree peony , the content of IAA and ZR begin to decrease ,while the ABA content has a certain rebound .T

本研究对几个牡丹品种壮芽形成过程中的某些生理生化变化做了研究，以期了解牡丹生长发育过程中生理生化的变化规律，探讨大田栽培条件下提高牡丹花质量的栽培措施和管理技术，为提高牡丹的观赏价值和经济效益提供理论依据，结果如下：1 大田栽培条件下，牡丹光合特性在生长发育过程中表现出极强的规律性，牡丹各品种的光合速率从牡丹开花前，到牡丹花谢后的花芽诱导期前期（6月10日之前），也就是在4、5、6月份，各牡丹品种的净光合速率相对与其他时间都维持在比较高的水平，这说明，在这段时间，是牡丹光合产物积累的重要时期，因此，要保证得到高质量的牡丹花，在这段时间加强对牡丹的栽培管理，保证这个时期的肥水供应十分重要。2 从6月中旬后，随时间的推移，环境条件的恶化，牡丹的光合性能剧烈下降，但是不同牡丹品种间仍有差异，比如，乌龙捧盛仍可维持较高的光合水平，这说明了乌龙捧盛这个牡丹品种对于环境的适应性较之其他牡丹品种高，有着广泛的推广前景。3 影响牡丹光合性能的主要因子是气孔因素和非气孔因素即叶肉细胞的光合能力，在盛夏高温高光强的环境条件下，对牡丹进行适当遮荫，能缓解牡丹叶绿素水平的下降，适当提高Pn，有利于光合产物的积累。4 可溶性糖在牡丹各品种的壮芽形成过程中，根中可溶性糖的含量在牡丹各部位中始终维持最高水平，分析认为这些可溶性糖在根系中进一步合成淀粉等储藏性物质，为来年牡丹的生长提供雄厚的物质基础，这为我们在大田栽培条件下对牡丹采取养根护根的栽培措施提供了有力的理论依据，即在大田栽培条件下，加强对牡丹根系的管理，有助于提高牡丹整株的健壮程度，有益于形成高质量的牡丹花。5内源激素对牡丹的生长发育调节作用是十分明显的，在前期，即开花前后和盛夏，IAA和ZR含量维持在比较高的水平，GA含量低且变化不明显，ABA含量逐渐降低，说明了IAA和ZR对牡丹在这段时间内的生长发育起到重要的促进作用，GA的作用不是很明显，ABA可能在高温高光强下有明显的升高，也说明了ABA的确有一些促进作用，但是到了牡丹周年衰老期，IAA和ZR的含量开始下降，ABA含量却有了一定程度的反弹，说明了IAA和ZR的作用开始降低，ABA起到了促进衰老的作用

Child growth and development in the eye, the eye grew from a small, axial length gradually increase, if the eyeball as a sphere, it has three axes, namely, longitudinal, transverse, sagittal axis, a sphere is the length of the three-axis equivalent.

儿童的眼睛在生长发育中，眼球由小长大，眼轴逐渐增长，如果将眼球看成一个球体，它有三个轴，即纵轴、横轴、矢状轴，一个正球体的三个轴的长度相等。

The exterior of root system of Melilotodes in adult period mostly covers a flat thick"velamen"in the course of growth and development. The polysaccharide in the interior of root system lies in secondary phloem and secondary xylem and xylem ray ,which distributes uniformity.

在生长发育过程中，生长5年的扁蓿豆成株大部分根系外面覆盖了一层厚厚的"根被"，其根系内部多糖存在于次生韧皮部和次生木质部及木质射线中，颗粒在细胞中分布较均匀。

These results suggested that PTH might be involved in regulating tooth development during its morphogenesis and dent inogenesis and tooth germs were good example in such study.

牙胚培养在观察生长因子对牙齿发育的作用研究是有效的，PTH在牙齿发育中具有一定的促进作用。

By spraying polyamines synthesis inhibitors, D-Arg, MGBG (Methylglyoxal bis-guanylhydrazone) and CHA at various concentrations to panicles and flag leaves of indica rice Jinlingxiangnuo (a higher polyamine rice variety) at heading, flowering and grain filling stages, changes in contents and components of PAs in rice grains after harvest were investigated.

多胺(polyamines， PAs)是生物体代谢过程中产生的具有生物活性的低分子量脂肪族含氮碱，是调控生物体生长发育的重要活性物质[1]。PAs在生长发育、细胞增殖、肿瘤发生、编程性细胞死亡(programmed cell death， PCD)、免疫反应及食物过敏症等方面具有重要调节作用[2~6]。

We suppose that there is a presently undefined subfraction of stem cell population that exists in a number of tissues beyond embryonic development. We term them postembryonic pluripotent stem cells. They differ from embryonic stem cells in that they gradually lose some differentiation potentials during development and adopt some special phenotypes once within a certain tissue. They can give rise to different kinds of stem cells; therefore, help to maintain balance during development and metabolism. They provide cells not only for the damaged tissues they reside, but also for damaged tissues different from them by migration triggered by proinflammatory cytokines or growth factors.

我们认为在胚胎发育后的多种组织中都存在一类原始干细胞群体，它们和造血干细胞、神经干细胞等多能干细胞不同，后者只能分化为特定胚层的细胞，而这类原始干细胞可分化为不同胚层的组织细胞；另一方面，它们区别于胚胎干细胞，在妊娠期间会逐渐失去部分分化潜能，并且会出现一些特殊表型或者分子标志，我们称其为胚胎后亚全能干细胞，这类干细胞具有下列特性：可分化为不同胚层的细胞，分布于身体的所有组织和器官，具有相同的表型或标志；他们在胚胎期存在于一些或全部的组织和器官中，可分化为不同类型的多能干细胞并在生长发育和新陈代谢中维持这些多能干细胞保持平衡；可以参与机体自我修复和更新，不仅能分化为所在器官的组织特异性细胞，参与器官重塑，也可以在炎症因子或者生长因子的趋化作用下，远处转移修复受损组织。

The highest expression level of AtACS5::GUS fusion was detected in the 3-d-old etiolated seedlings, and the developmental expression profile of AtACS5 was not affected by the etr1-1 mutation.

在转基因拟南芥的整个生活周期中，AtACS5：：GUS和AtACS7：：GUS融合基因都具有相似的表达谱；待外源乙烯处理后，光照生长下的2周幼苗中AtACS7：：GUS的表达显著增加，而AtACS5：：GUS的表达不受乙烯处理的影响。3天苗龄的转基因黄化苗中，AtACS5：：GUS具有很高的表达水平，并且ETR1-1基因突变对AtACS5：：GUS在生长发育过程中的表达模式没有明显的影响。

Plant often subject to many biotic and abiotic factors in plant growth and development phases, and it must adapt to the environment through regulation of genes. Transcription factors play important roles in plant development and its response to the environment, so we need to research the function of transcription factors deeply.

植物在生长发育过程中经常遭受到许多生物和非生物因素的胁迫，需要通过对基因的调控来适应，而转录因子在植物的生长发育和防卫反应的表达调控中有着非常重要的作用，因此需要对转录因子的功能进行深入的研究。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。