在现代

Modern Rome has one foot in the past, one in the present --a delightful stance that allows you to have an espresso in a square designed by Bernini, then take the Metro back to your hotel room in a renovated Renaissance palace.

现代的罗马，一只脚踩在过去，另一只脚踩在现代--这种令人愉快的姿态让你能在贝尔尼尼设计的广场上品味香浓的咖啡，然后乘地铁回到由文艺复兴时期的宫殿翻修而成的旅馆房间。

This is, for China and other multiracial countries, very positive and may give some solutions for the future. In the introduction there is an explanation of the reason why I choose this title and also the questions about Switzerland in the field of present research and the meaning of those researches. The first part describes the formation of the community of Switzerland, and there I define the word "community" and the peculiarity of each member of this community, the time the Swiss people take to build this community. The second part describes this formation with more details like geographical problem, language differences, the psychological pugnacity for liberty, the practical art of neutrality and the freedom for religious behavior. Those themes prove the formation of the Swiss community. The third part contains the following topics: the international position of Switzerland and its stability, the balance of economic production, the foundation of the Swiss government and the charm of its feature. For those topics I use the economic, political and cultural angle.

全文分为瑞士多民族社会的形成，在这一部分中重点介绍了民族和民族共同体的界定，瑞士各民族的地理分布及主要特征，瑞士民族共同体形成的历史时间断限，在这一部分中特别提出了民族共同体的概念，为全文的行文打下一个概念基础；在瑞士民族共同体形成的表现部分中，共分为语言和地域差别问题的消弭，崇尚独立自由的心理素质的确立，中立外交政策的奉行，宗教多元化的制衡等几个小的部分，四个部分平衡并立，共同来论证瑞士民族共同体的表现；在瑞士民族共同体诞生的原因中，共分为以下几个部分，有瑞士特殊的国际地位与多民族社会的稳定，平衡发达的经济及其吸引力，多元政治体制的建构和灿烂文化和性格的魅力，也就是从政治、经济和文化三个角度对这个问题进行了阐述；在现代瑞士多民族社会问题部分中，有如下几个部分瑞士的外来人口在瑞士国家的生活状况，外来人口融合中的困难，以及瑞士民族共同体中其他的一些社会问题，主要探讨的是瑞士社会中的外国人的生活状况，以及在融合和同化的过程中的成功经验以及给整个瑞士社会带来的几个突出的社会问题；最后是对现代瑞士多民族社会问题的思考，也就是从和睦性，认同感以及民族平等政策三个角度中进行的分析。

Here, there, where 为词根,然后与-after,-by,-in,-before,-of,-to,-under,-with,-about,-among,-around,-at,-for,-from,-on,-upon 等介词合成的副词,如:hereafter, hereby, herein, hereinafter, hereinbefore, hereof, hereto, hereunder, hereupon, herewith; thereafter, thereby, therefrom, therein, thereafter, thereinbefore, thereon, thereof, thereupon, therewith; whereas, whereby, wherein, whereon, etc.

这种使用现代英语中基本淘汰的古旧副词的现象，在法律英语中源远流长，可追溯到公元约 1100 年以前的古英语，其在英联邦国家的商业合约中更是历来如此(在美加的法律文书中其使用频率较低)，其意义和用法在现代英语中虽已属古旧行列，但在法律英语中仍较普遍，如下例：例 1。

With the increasing limitations of monologue—teaching in the modern education, the dialogical teaching embodied time spirit and modern educational idea becomes a direction to modern teaching reformation.

随着独白式教学的缺陷在现代教育中的日益凸显，体现时代精神和现代教育理念的对话式教学便成为现代教学改革的方向。

From the cognitive perspective, this part also examines the logic evidence for discriminating metalanguage and object language. Additionally, tracing back to its origin, the metalinguistic theory can be divided into the formalized and the one of natural language As a conclusion, this chapter will point out three orientations to the study of linguistic metalanguage The second chapter tries to retrospect to the origin of the theory and find the prototype for the pairs of metalanguage and object language, on which according to this chapter, modern mathematics and modern logic have key effects. In fact, mathematician, philosopher and logician B Russell and G. Frege discriminated metalanguage from object language.

作为方法论原则的元语言理论》是一篇着重从方法论原则的角度探讨元语言理论的博士学位论文，本文在现代语言学和语言学史的理论和方法指导下，通过对元语言这一现代哲学、现代语言学共同关注的重大课题的梳理，旨在系统阐释哲学和语言学领域的元语言的概念、特性和内容，明确哲学和语言学的元语言理论之间的关联与分野，真正把元语言和对象语言这一对范畴纳入语言学研究视野，从形式研究、功能研究和语用的角度阐述其方法论的意义和内容，并将这一方法论原则运用到汉语修辞现象分析中，提出&元语辞格&说。

As soon as what is unconcealed no longer concerns man even as object, but does so, rather, exclusively as standing -reserve, and man in the midst of objectifying is nothing but the order of the standing-reserve, then he comes to the very brink of a precipitous fall, that is, he comes to the point where he himself will have to be taken as standing-reserve.

这种要求在现代技术中以决定性的方式规定和确立了人与其他存在者的关系：人对最不相同的存在领域的事物进行长期不懈的处置，直到认识一切东西的原因和结果，从而获得统治和支配的力量。这种要求形成了现代技术的&座架&本质，现代技术正是形而上学思维方式连续发展的结果。

It is a process that the graph creativity sublimating of the Chinese character civilization with the evolving and creating again from the traditional glyph to the modern Chinese character graph.

从传统象形文字到现代汉字图形的演变与再创造，是汉字文明图形创造力升华的过程，研究汉字在现代设计的图形化应用，不仅有利于现代国际化的商业推广，而且对于汉文字本身的研究与发展也将起到积极的推动作用。

Right after that, another lot of young artists are facing the decline of agricultural society, the thrive of industrial society and post-industrial as well as the development of internet times; facing the times of fashion-consumed culture, desire expanding and society anomic; facing the attack of globalization from politics, economy, culture and art; facing the messed information interlace and virtual world art structure; facing the highly-developed modem internet information times. They are facing the chances and challenges during the society mode changing, facing the opportunities and challenges during the change from traditional aesthetic into modern aesthetic.

而紧跟其后的一批年青艺术家，在面对中国农业社会的衰退，工业社会、后工业社会的兴旺发达及网络时代的崛起；在中国时尚消费文化、物欲膨胀、社会道德沦丧的时代；在政治、经济、文化、艺术全球化的冲击中；在混乱的信息交错和虚拟的世界艺术结构中；在高速发展的现代网络信息时代；他们正面临一个社会结构转型的机遇和挑战，面临传统美学在现代美学转型过程中的机遇和挑战。

The paper falls into three parts: firstly, the concept of native folk was definited and the characteristic of native folk was analysed, and then the native folk element presented in modern novels were discussed. Secondly, the forms of expression in different period of the native folk in modern novels represented by writings of Lu Xun,Shen Cong-wen and Zhao Shu-li were analysed. Finally, on the basis of the second chapter, the reason why the native folk has different forms of expression in 30years of the modern literature was further discussed from the writers angle--thedifferent way of clerisies being concerned with native folk.

本论文共分三个部分：首先，对&民间&的理念进行梳理，对&乡土民间&的概念进行界定并分析它的特征，进而具体讨论现代小说创作中所呈现出来的乡土民间这一元素；其次，以鲁迅、沈从文、赵树理的作品为代表来分析现代小说发展不同阶段&乡土民间&的表现形态；最后，承接第二章探讨为什么在现代文学三十年中&乡土民间&具有不同的表现形态，进一步从作家创作的角度来分析，也即知识分子参与&乡土民间&的不同方式。

Ln modern industrial society with all kinds of practical household uten-sils,modern black pottery may lose its tunctional value and evolve gradually into a pure work of art between craft and engraving,which will go into the modern life and the aesthetic spirit of human being.lt may not be as multifarious as modern practical household utensils,but with its unique pure luster and fantastic pottery art,it can not be re-placed with works of art made of other materials ln addition,many modern artists dedicate their souls and lives to black pottery.

在现代工业社会里，面对着五花八门的实用器皿，现代黑陶可能失去了实用价值，而逐渐演化为一种界于工艺和雕刻之间的纯艺术品，走进现代的生活空间，走进人类审美的心灵。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新