在法庭上

The English rule of knowledge and approval has been considered most recently by the House of Lords in Wintle v Nye . The headnote in the report is instructive because it suggests two significant features of the rule :(1) That there are circumstances, e.g., a professional relationship, in which English law places an exceptionally heavy burden on a party to establish knowledge and approval;(2) In cases where the burden is imposed the court is to be vigilant and jealous in scrutinising all the circumstances.

上议院考虑知情和同意这些英国规则最近一次是在 Wintle v Nye 一案，汇报上的提要很有启发性，因为它提出了该规则的两个重要特征：(1)在某些情况下，如涉及专业关系而要证明知情和同意，英国法律要求其中一方履行的责任额外沉重；(2)凡案中某方负有证明知情和同意这个责任，法庭就得提高警觉，不厌烦琐仔细检查所有情节。

There are also many positive acts for the benefit of others, which he may rightfully be compelled to perform; such as, to give evidence in a court of justice; to bear his fair share in the common defence, or in any other joint work necessary to the interest of the society of which he enjoys the protection; and to perform certain acts of individual beneficence, such as saving a fellow-creature's life, or interposing to protect the defenceless against ill-usage, things which whenever it is obviously a man's duty to do, he may rightfully be made responsible to society for not doing.

还有许多积极性的对他人有益的行动，要强迫人们去做，也算是正当的：例如到一个法庭上去作证；又如在一场共同的自卫斗争当中，或者在为他所受其保护的整个社会利益所必需的任何联合工作当中，担负他的一分公平的任务；还有某些个别有益的行动，例如出力去拯救一个人的生命，挺身保护一个遭受虐待而无力自卫的人，等等。总之，凡显系一个人义务上当做的事而他不做时，就可要他对社会负责，这是正当的。

If damages are awarded at first instance by a court of competent jurisdiction in Hong Kong (or on appeal therefrom either to a superior court in Hong Kong or to the Final Court of Appeal ) in respect of death or bodily injury arising out of the use of a motor vehicle on a road in circumstances where the liability is required to be covered by insurance under the Motor Vehicles Insurance Ordinance, and such damages, or any part of them, remain unpaid twenty-eight days after the judgment becomes enforceable for any reason other than an insurance becoming ineffective due to insolvency of the Insurer, then, subject to the provisions of the Agreement, the Bureau will pay the unrecovered amount (including any interest awarded by the court and taxed costs) to the person in whose favour the judgment has been given, against an assignment of the judgment debt.

2依据〈汽车保险条例〉任何人仕如被道路上使用的汽车导致身体损伤或死亡，并经由香港法院初审判获赔偿（若属上诉案件，经由上诉庭或终审法院判定赔偿），而该损失或部分损失在判决生效后廿八天内，基於任何原因，仍未能偿付者（因保险人破产而导致保险失效者除外），本局便会依照与政府订定的协议，在应负的有关法律责任内，向索偿者支付判定的全部或余下款项（其中包括法庭裁定的利息及堂费支出）。

I will start from Koan drama, the history of law shows, and describe its present conditions of development in short, and divide law shows into such three types as police TV, anti-corruption TV, and law court TV for expedite argumentation, find its problem. Then I will point out playwright had better possess social responsibility because of popular communication characteristic, fully considering the responsibility in social influence and commercial factors, playwright of law and police shows will finish a good works of art that merges common sense, artistic quality and legal principle into an organic whole. By doing so, more and more law and police shows which can be succeeded in both economic profits and effect upon society.

我将先从法制题材电视剧的历史渊源——公案戏说起，然后会简要描述法制题材电视剧发展的状况，为了便于论述，我将法制题材电视剧分解为公安剧、反腐剧、和法庭剧三种类型；并指出其存在的问题，之后再从电视的传播特性探讨法制题材电视剧编剧的社会责任，以及因此法制题材电视剧编剧在创作时最好能在充分考虑到电视剧作品的文化商品属性的基础上，做到作品情理、艺理、法理的有机结合，从而创作出经济效益和社会效益取得双赢结果的法制题材电视剧作品来。

Even someone at in order to suffer from a harmful kid to greatly make a school, lambaste a teacher and greatly go to law court, the public also all everythings carry on in the kid's eyelid underneath.

甚至有人在公开场合为受到伤害的孩子大闹学校、大骂老师、大上法庭，并且所有的一切都在孩子的眼皮底下进行的。

Such unknowns make it possible for seemingly long-gone data to turn up in a court under the order of a subpoena, or worse, in the hands of a hacker. On August 13th, though, a team of computer scientists led by Roxana Geambasu of the University of Washington, Seattle will unveil to the 18th USENIX Security Symposium in Montreal an e-communications system that destroys messages soon after they have been sent.

这种未知性，使得很久以前的数据似乎很有可能随时被传上法庭，更糟糕的是落入黑客之手。8月13日，在蒙特利尔召开的第18届USENIX安全专题讨论会上，西雅图华盛顿大学以Roxana Geambasu为首的计算机科学小组将推出一套全新的电子通信系统，该系统能够在信息发送完后不久将其销毁。

John Browne, an aggressive but mannerly British magnate who transformed BP into one of the most successful global companies, resigned abruptly yesterday after losing a court battle with a London tabloid over details of his relationship with a younger man .

约翰。布朗是个彬彬有礼的英国绅士，也是个敢作敢为的资本家。在他的带领下，英国石油公司成为世界上最成功的公司之一。但是，在昨天的一场与一家伦敦小报的法庭大战落败后，他突然辞职。

Late last month, a skirmish between supporters of the Islamic Courts Union and Shabaab fighters reportedly killed several people in Dobley before the town was seized by forces loyal to Hassan Turki, a Shabaab leader in the Lower Juba area.

据报导，上个月底，在基地组织索马里分部的支持者和朱巴南部的领导人特基的部队占领多波雷之前，伊斯兰法庭联盟和基地组织索马里的分部在多波雷地区发生冲突，造成数人死亡。

At each adjournment he stood, touched his clasped hands to his forehead, and bowed to the crowded court."Now he is just an old man. Before, he was the absolute man," says Vann Nath, who survived S-21 because Duch let him paint a portrait of the Khmers Rouges' leader, Pol Pot.

在每一次休会期间，他都把带上手铐的双手放到额头，然后聚满法庭的人群鞠躬。S-21集中营的幸存者凡纳斯说&现在他只是一个老头子，但是在之前，他是个拥有绝对权力的人，谁生谁死都由他做主。&

The estranged wife of New Jersey's gay ex-governor is telling all as she took the stand today in their divorce trial. Their marriage unraveled four years ago when he came out as a gay American and resigned as governor.

在前新泽西州长与他前妻参加的法庭离婚判决上，他前妻承认在四年前，她发现她是个同性恋和辞去州长后，他们的婚姻就已经破裂。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。