在水中的

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

Using the improved method, the standard molal enthalpies of solution ＝－29.18 kJ·mol－1 in pure water and ＝－25.79 kJ·mol－1 in aqueous sulfuric acid were obtained, respectively.

借助VOSO4水溶液的离子缔合平衡和硫酸的二级解离平衡，改进了Archer方法，并用这种改进的方法分别估算了VOSO4·2.76H2O在水中的标准摩尔溶解焓＝－29.18 kJ·mol－1，以及在0.5 mol·kg－1硫酸水溶液中的标准摩尔溶解焓＝－25.79 kJ·mol－1。

The result shows that for both PCL homopolymers and PCL-b-PEG block copolymers, the spherulitic linear growth rate first increases with molecular weight and reaches a maximum, then decreases as molecular weight increases. Crystallization temperature has greater influence on the spherulitic growth rate of polymers with higher molecular weight.

当自由PEG在水中的占有面积S_o与单根PEG链段所占有的表面积S的比值S_o／S的值接近或小于3时，PEG链段对胶束形状的影响较小，PCL嵌段的影响占主导地位，易形成片状胶束；当S_o／S的值在3-10之间时，随着PCL嵌段分子量的增加，PCL-b-PEG嵌段共聚物在水溶液中自组装形成类似球状、棒状和蠕虫状胶束，是PEG与PCL嵌段共同的作用的结果；当S_o／S的值大于10时，易形成球状胶束。

Submerged rocks are a pinkish-blue hue , while the open water tends to a desaturated blue.

淹没在水中的岩石呈浅粉红--蓝色调，但地表水接近于不饱和的蓝色。

The solubilities of the phthalic acid isomers in water were summarized and the parameters of the combinatorial part of UNIFAC activity coefficient model were calculated based on solid-liquid equilibrium calculations.

总结了三种同分异构体苯二甲酸在水中的溶解度数据，并基于固液平衡计算关联了UNIFAC活度系数模型中组合项的分子参数。

The main results are as follows.The solubilities of pentachlorophenol and carbofuran were linearly increased with increasing P -CD concentration.

主要的研究结果如下：在所研究的β-CD浓度范围内，呋喃丹和五氯酚在水中的溶解度随溶液中β-CD浓度的增加而呈线性增大。

Through the transition from water thin-layer scattering to thick-layer scattering, scattering field and depolarizability of laser in water are tested, and simplified field strength formulas for forward and backward scatterings are derived.

然后从薄层散射过渡到厚层散射，检测了激光在水中的散射场和退偏振度，并对前向散射和后向散射导出了简化的场强计算公式。

As a diver, it's important to learn to control your buoyancy at the surface and underwater because it lets you control where you are in the water.

身为一个潜水员，学习在水面和水底的浮力控制是很重要的，因为这样你才能维持你在水中的位置。

Biochemical oxygen demand - BOD: A measure of the amount of pollution by organic substances in water.

生化物需氧量：一种衡量有机物在水中的污染量的标准。

Biochemical oxygen demand - BOD A measure of the amount of pollution by organic substances in water.

生化物氧气需要，生化物需氧量一种衡量有机物在水中的污染量的标准。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。