在此中

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

With regard to the central part, the actual state of coordinate axis is analyzed first, then the theory ofthe projection method is introduced. On the basis, the method of identifying coordinate origin ispresented.

在本文的核心部分——曲线识别中，文章首先从分析曲线图中坐标轴的分布情况出发，引出投影法，在此基础上提出了利用投影法识别坐标原点的理论。

We propose a full hardware implementation of Context-Based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Encoder.

我们在此论文中提出在H.264/AVC中全文自适应二进制算术编码的全硬体架构设计的编码器。

The first subject to the advertising industry on the environmental background of the current study based on reality, and from the spread of the evolution process of the media environment, audiences shape the evolution of the process of market and economic environment and national policy guidance as well as the social environment and the evolution of the process of public opinion, etc. discussed the ecological environment of the advertising industry on advertising exerts a subtle influence theory, is intended to combine the social environment through the development of the industry and actual cases to observe and verify Advertising thinking theory to make it too heavy at this more closer to its guiding the nature of the role of the characteristics of the formation and perfection of the development of China's national conditions in line with the theory, the consolidation of personnel training in the advertising industry advertising the basis of academic theory-building status, and further guidance on the practice of China's advertising industry.

本课题先就以广告业当下的环境背景等现实研究依据出发，从传播、媒介环境的演化进程，受众市场形态的演化进程、经济环境和国家政策的导向以及社会环境和舆论的演化进程等方面，探讨了广告业的生态环境对广告学学科理论潜移默化地影响，意在通过结合社会环境和实际业界发展的案例观察和思考中验证广告学学科理论，使其在此过重中更接近它指导作用的本质特征，形成和完善符合中国国情的发展理论，巩固广告业界人才培育中广告学学科理论建设的基础性地位，并进一步指导中国的广告产业实践。

In the experiment 1, it focuses on how the subject variables affect risk-taking tendency and validating the prospect theory under lottery situation.

在实验1中，主要研究了个体因素在彩票风险情景中的作用，调查问卷的数据显示，被试的年龄，收入，学历对被试的决策行为产生了显著影响，同时在此基础上解释了风险决策行为是否符合前景理论。

Based on the ana1yse of the way of the water pipe network's management and the difficult problem which exist in the course of running water pipe network It presents the collectivity project of the city service pipe network Geography information manage system and estab1ish the waterpipe network's basic data-base,and conform afresh the network data by the mode of data-base organization. Then on the base of it,open out the water pipe networks graphics show and edit,hydraulic simulation module,disposal accident module and data query andanalyse module and set up the geography information system.it will exert the network's data-base and computer effect on the city water management.

在对目前给水管网管理方式以及管理过程中碰到的问题进行分析的基础上，给出了城市给水管网地理信息管理系统的总体方案和详细设计，同时建立了给水管网基础数据库，依照数据库的组织方式对管网数据进行管理、编辑和分析，并在此基础上，开发了城市给水管网图形显示、图形编辑、水力模拟、管网事故处理、管网数据查询分析和管网数据专题图等功能模块，建立了城市给水管网地理信息系统，以充分发挥管网数据和计算机技术在城市供水管理中的作用。

This declaration/,which was echoed in the text of the Fourteenth Amendment/,was designed primarily/ to counter the Supreme Court's ruling/ in Dred Scott v. Sandford/ that Black people in the United States/ could be denied citizenship.

这一宣言/，它被复述在文本中第十四条修正案的/，主要是为了对抗最高法院的判决/在&Dred Scott 诉 Sandford&一案中/，此判决裁定黑人在美国的/可被剥夺公民权。

Under this background, the mortgage of building under construction as a special form of real property, the value of MBUC in real estate and the overall volume in the stock has incr.

在此背景下，在建工程作为房地产的一种特殊形态，在建工程的价值和数量在房地产整体存量中的比重日益呈现上升趋势，在建工程抵押作为房地产抵押的重要方式之一，在社会实践中的应用已日趋广泛。

On this basis, this paper follows the Schleiermacher Model, and adopts a comparative analytical method. An analysis of English translation of classic Chinese poetic images may help us to understand better how the cultural elements are embodied in the translation works.

基于此点，本文采用Schleiermacher的异化翻译原则，采用案例分析的方法，分析了大量中国古典诗歌中意象翻译的文本，研究意象中的文化因素怎样在译文中得到体现。

"The Niedersachsen"中, Mustill 大法官这样说:I consider that the right course is to adopt the test of a good arguable case, in the sense of a case which is more than barely capable of serious argument, and yet not necessarily one which the Judge believes to have a better than 50% chance of success.

大意是：在确定案件是否有一个表面良好的论据案情时，此案件一定要有严肃争端，但在法官看来也未必一定要有超过50％的获胜机会。在涉及到航运和国际货物买卖中，如下一些案情可以作为表面良好的论据

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。