在数

Hierarchical linear modeling is the most frequently used technique for analyzing multilevel data. In this paper, the twelve key issues in multilevel research and/or using HLM software were reviewed, and provided their exact meanings and feasible solutions. The 12 key issues included intraclass correlation coefficient, sample sizes, formation of organizational constructs, centering problems, fixed effect and random effect, estimation methods, goodness of fit index, explained variation, multicollinearity, robust standard error, level one variance equation, and empirical Bayes estimates.

本文针对阶层线性模式在多层次研究上有关於技术、测量与方法论所遭遇的问题，进行文献整理并讨论其实务意涵，并依据使用时机、抽样议题、资料汇总、分析方法、与模式评估与估算等五方面整理出十二项重要议题与解决之道，包括：组内相关系数的意义与判断准则、多层次研究各层的样本数问题、变数聚合成组织层次问题、中心化的意义、固定效果与随机效果的设定、估计法的选择、适配度的比较、解释变异量的计算、多元共线性的分析、强韧性标准误、第一层误差项变异数与实证贝氏估计值的运用。

However, variance by the definition is based on the difference between each sample value and the mean.

然而，在运用变异数来进行风险之估计与衡量时，由於变异数计算式的主要部份，是以样本观察值与其平均数离差之平方和来计算之。

Although the asymptotic normality of pseudo-likelihood estimates has been proved (Gidas, 1993), the difference between the proposed asymptotic variance and the sample variance is still huge in binary Markov random fields.

虽然最大伪概似函数估计量的近似常态分布已被证明(Gidas， 1993)，但其近似理论上的变异数与样本变异数在二元随机域之下仍存在著相当的差异。

Coastal landscape: in hainan for the coastline, 1528 kilometers sand bank accounts for about 50-60, hundreds of meters wide beach to thousands of meters, to the sea for 5 degrees slope general, slowly extensions, In most places, such as water is clear, soft, clean flocculants was, The air is fresh, green, Seawater temperature is usually between 18-30 Celsius, sunny, most of the time in a year on the sea, sun, sand bath and shower bath.

海岸带景观：在海南长达1528公里的海岸线上，沙岸约占50-60%，沙滩宽数百米至数千米不等，向海面坡度一般为5度，缓缓延伸；多数地方风平浪静，海水清澈，沙白如絮，清洁柔软；岸边绿树成荫，空气清新；海水温度一般为18-30摄氏度，阳光充足明媚，一年中多数时间可进行海浴、日光浴、沙浴和风浴。

And what John Salley did in terms of blocking shots and playing above the rim and getting up and down the floor and teaming with Dennis Rodman to form Chuck Daly's X-factor, can't ever be measured in terms of numbers in the scorebook.

而John Salley 为球队做出的贡献也是数也数不清，他在场上盖帽，扣篮，飞来飞去的满场跑动，还有他帮助和教导罗德曼成为Chuck Daly 手下的"秘密武器"，这一切的一切都不是用数据统计能表达的出来的。

Bitmapped display: A display whose image is a representation of bits in an area of RAM called the screen buffer.

数元图记显示：影像以数元方式贮在荧幕缓冲器内。它占用即时存取贮记器内的一范围。

At first the children sit sedately in long rows; each has brought a basket of gay colored hard boiled eggs, and those on the upper terrace send them rolling to the line next below, and those pass on the ribbon like streams to hundreds at the foot, who scramble for the hopping eggs and hurry panting to the top to start them down again.

坐在地势高处的孩子将彩蛋滚到紧下一排；这一排的孩子将滚动起来像一条条彩带般的彩蛋继续传递给地势最低处的数百人；而这数百人则争先恐后地将跳动著滚下来的彩蛋抢到手，然后气喘吁吁地跑到最高处再次把彩蛋滚下来。

The optimal location range of the cavity resonator is dramatically shorten with NCl(a1Δ) self-annihilation.

其中，光腔位置的可选范围大大缩短，在较小的初始HI粒子数密度和适当的输出镜反射率下总输出功率大幅度降低，而随着HI粒子数密度的增加，NCl(a1Δ)自猝灭对总输出功率的影响逐渐减小。

The optimal location range of the cavity resonator is dramatically shorten with NCl(a1Δ) self-annihilation. The available power with NCl(a1Δ) self-quenching is much less than that obtained without NCl(a1Δ) self-annihilation at small initial density of HI but has little difference at large initial density of HI.

其中，光腔位置的可选范围大大缩短，在较小的初始HI粒子数密度和适当的输出镜反射率下总输出功率大幅度降低，而随着HI粒子数密度的增加，NCl(a1Δ)自猝灭对总输出功率的影响逐渐减小。

Propose a real-time expanding scheme for UNIX System V. Propose and design a new time-and-priority driven process scheduling strategy, which can unify real-time process, kernel process and time-sharing process for scheduling. Design a new concurrence control strategy for UNIX, which can support priority inheritance. Add the sequential file operations to the UNIX random file system and design a high accuracy clock timer.

对UNIX System V提出了一套实时扩充方案，提出并设计了一种新的基于时间和优先数两者驱动的进程调度策略，对实时进程、核心进程和分时进程统一调度；设计了一种新的允许继承进程优先数的并发控制策略；在UNIX随机文件系统的基础之上扩充了连续文件操作；并且设计了高精度的时钟处理程序。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐