在操作中

After analyzing the merit and lack of 9I model, the main idea is proposed: to distill some basic topological relations from 9I model, of which the composite topological relations of complex objects are made up. In detail, the composite topological relationships between region and region, line and line, line and region are particularly discussed;(2)Analyze the characteristics and inner relations of cadastral features. According to the expressional model of complex topological relations, the author discovers the possible topological relations between parcels, parcel lines and parcel points. In addition, sum up the general topological relationship rules of cadastral data.(3) Then the topological relations model is extended to the spatio-temporal data. Time in cadastral database and change semantic are discussed. It's redefined that spatio-temporal topological relations is composed of time, location, status and event relation. Spatio-temporal topological relationships can be represented by extended 4I model. Taking cadastral parcels as example, there are different possible spatio-temporal topological relationships between parcels when they are extended, shrunken, split, merged or others. Thus, some deductions are drawn that, for example, if parcels have be coexisting for some time they are impossible to be overlapped. Furthermore, the parents of parcels alternated and their possible change types can be detected by their spatio-temporal topological relationships.(4) Before carrying out the experiment, the calculation method must be designed.

具体研究工作及成果如下：（1）根据点集拓扑理论中与拓扑空间相关的概念，本文对空间的点、线、面进行了重新定义，以区分对象的复杂性；分析了9I模型在表示简单对象方面的优点，以及在表达复杂对象上的不足，阐述了本文的研究思路和解决方案，并以复杂的面面、线线和线面为例详细探讨了复合拓扑关系的表达方法；（2）分析了地籍权属数据和地类数据的内涵、特点和要素之间的联系，根据复杂对象的拓扑关系表达模型，本文讨论了宗地、界址线、界址点之间，图斑、线状地物、零星地类之间可能存在的拓扑关系和形式化表达方法，归纳总结了地籍对象的拓扑关系满足的约束性规则；（3）将拓扑关系的研究延伸到时空领域，从地籍对象的时态性出发，本文阐述了地籍数据中时间的含义和变化语义描述的需要；从时间、位置、状态、事件等之间的拓扑关系方面，重新系统性地进行了时空拓扑关系的定义；研究了一维时间和二维空间的集成表达方式，以宗地、界址线为例，分析了变更前后不同时间区间里可能的拓扑关系，探讨了时空拓扑关系对时空变化操作类型和变化语义的推理方法和意义；（4）为实现空间拓扑关系的查询分析等应用，本文研究了空间拓扑关系的计算方法。

Similarly, investigations on the information encoded in finite physical resources will also be helpful for improving the efficiency of state measurement, storage, etc.. This dissertation focuses on some theoretical investigations of quantum state estimation together with discrimination process, and is organized as follows. In the first chapter, we introduce some basic concepts and related background materials, including the theory of quantum operation and unitary group representation, which is helpful for understanding the following content of this dissertation.

在量子密码通信的安全性研究中，测量可获取信息直接关系到窃听能否成功，这实际上对应于量子态的操作和识别过程；在量子通信信道容量、以及态编码的研究中，考察如何利用有限的物理资源标识尽可能多的量子态信息，对提高信息测量、存储的效率都很好的指导意义。

While high temperature cures may be acceptable for many applications ,such temperatures may be unacceptable in other applications ,because of an unsuitability of certain types of substrates,operational difficulties,and lastly,they may represent economic hardship due to the high cost of energy.

然而高温在很多应用中是可以接受的，而在另外一些应用中则是不能接受的，原因是不适合某种类型的底材，操作上的困难，以及高的能量损耗造成经济上的困难。

This is in order to be able to perform a variety of cuts and to understand the proper use of those to accurately prepare a variety of meat, fish and vegetables, as well as expose students to, and to teach them how to recognise a large variety of ingredients used in a modern kitchen, taking into consideration regulations relating to safety and sanitation in the kitchen.

让学生能在不同的肉类、鱼类、和蔬菜中操作出不同的刀工，能辨识各种不同的食材及能在现代设备的厨房中料理，同时能注意现代厨房设备的安全及卫生。

The comprehensive value of the planted seedlings under forest in the designed scheme in Beijing were assessed by applying VE and VA methods. It was indicated that the value of the seedlings under ecological forests followed the order of Quercus variabilis, Broussonetia kazinoki, Cotinus coggygria, Acer truncatum etc. It was concluded that in the forestry management, comprehensive values should be considered to select seedling species with high values for regeneration under forests.

评价结果认为，在以生态公益林定位的森林经营中，人工林下更新幼苗的综合价值依次是栓皮栎、构树、黄栌、华北五角枫等，所以在林下层苗木的经营选择中应该按照这些树种的综合价值来进行苗木的选择和操作。

The comprehensive value of the planted seedlings under forest in the designed scheme in Beijing were assessed by applying VE and VA methods. It was indicated that the value of the seedlings under ecological forests followed the order of Quercus variabilis, Broussonetia kazinoki, Cotinus coggygria, Acer truncaturn etc. It was concluded that in the forestry management, comprehensive values should be considered to select seedling species with high values for regeneration under forests.

评价结果认为，在以生态公益林定位的森林经营中，人工林下更新幼苗的综合价值依次是栓皮栎、构树、黄栌、华北五角枫等，所以在林下层苗木的经营选择中应该按照这些树种的综合价值来进行苗木的选择和操作。

ABSTRACT:The present paper is mainly introduced GPS the basic principle, the system composition, the technical characteristic, the error source and the application method and the sequence of operation, and carry on a lofting, the curve lofting as well as using GPS in the project survey carry on the boundary point survey in the cadastration, carries on the precision analysis to the measurement result.

论文摘要：本论文主要介绍GPS的基本原理、系统组成、技术特点、误差来源和使用方法及操作步骤，并利用GPS在工程测量中进行点放样、曲线放样以及在地籍测量中进行界址点测量，对测量结果进行精度分析。

ABSTRACT摘要: The present paper is mainly introduced GPS the basic principle, the system composition, the technical characteristic, the error source and the application method and the sequence of operation, and carry on a lofting, the curve lofting as well as using GPS in the project survey carry on the boundary point survey in the cadastration, carries on the precision analysis to the measurement result.

论文摘要摘要：本论文主要介绍GPS的基本原理、系统组成、技术特征、误差来源和使用方法及操作步骤，并利用GPS在工程测量中进行点放样、曲线放样以及在地籍测量中进行界址点测量，对测量结果进行精度分析。

ABSTRACT: The present paper is mainly introduced GPS the basic principle, the system composition, the technical characteristic, the error source and the application method and the sequence of operation, and carry on a lofting, the curve lofting as well as using GPS in the project survey carry on the boundary point survey in the cadastration, carries on the precision analysis to the measurement result.

本论文主要介绍GPS的基本原理、系统组成、技术特点、误差来源和使用方法及操作步骤，并利用GPS在工程测量中进行点放样、曲线放样以及在地籍测量中进行界址点测量，对测量结果进行精度分析。

ZqD;Z.BUB0 abstract:the present paper is mainly introduced gps the basic principle, the system composition, the technical characteristic, the error source and the application method and the sequence of operation, and carry on a lofting, the curve lofting as well as using gps in the project survey carry on the boundary point survey in the cadastration, carries on the precision analysis to the measurement result.

论文摘要：本论文主要介绍gps的基本原理、系统组成、技术特点、误差来源和使用方法及操作步骤，并利用gps在工程测量中进行点放样、曲线放样以及在地籍测量中进行界址点测量，对测量结果进行精度分析。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！