在损害...的情况下

B Benefit and detriment Historically, the mon law action of debt was said to require a quid pro quo, and that requirement may have led to statements that consideration must be a benefit to the promisor But contracts were enforced in the mon-law action of assumpsit without any such requirement; in actions of assumpsit the emphasis was rather on the harm to the promisee, and detrimental reliance on a promise may still be the basis of contractual relief See 90 But reliance is not essential to the formation of a bargain, and remedies for breach have long been given in cases of exchange of promise for promise where neither party has begun to perform Today when it is said that consideration must involve a detriment to the promisee, the supposed requirement is often qualified by a statement that a "legal detriment" is sufficient even though there is no economic detriment or other actual loss It is more realistic to say simply that there is no requirement of detriment

b收益和损害。从历史来看，普通法上的债的行为被认为要求一个等价物，而且这一要求还可能导出这样的结论：约因必须是允诺人获益。但在缺乏这一要求的契约在普通法上的违约之诉中仍然得到执行；在违约之诉中，强调的是对受允诺人的损害，而且对允诺的有害依赖可能仍然是契约救济的基础。参见第90条。但是信赖对协商的成立并非必要性因素，而且在任何一方当事人均未开始履行的允诺交换允诺的案例中，早已规定了违约救济。现在，当有人认为约因必须包括一个对于受允诺人的损害时，其假设的要求经常由此表述得以满足："一个"法律上的损害即使在没有经济损害或者其他实际损失的情况下仍然是充分的。认为没有对于损害的要求的主张是更加现实的。

A release, covenant not to sue, covenant not to execute a judgment, or similar agreement extinguishes any claim for contribution or indemnity that the released person would have had against another person that would have been jointly and severally liable with the released person.

一方主张因为雇主的过错而导致雇主或者劳动赔偿保险人的优先权或者代位权应该基于本条款减少，必须通知对雇主或者工人赔偿保险人。在这样的情况下，雇主或者保险人可能介入雇员的人身损害诉讼。

In the case of multiple activities, when it is certain that none of them has caused the entire damage or any determinable part thereof, those that are likely to have contributed to the damage are presumed to have caused equal shares thereof.

在有多个行为，能够确定其中没有一个行为引起全部损害或任何可确定部分的损害的情况下，则那些可能引起损害的行为应被推定为引起了相同比例的损害。

Operational Parameters/Critical Parameters cont'd Operational Parameters: Operational parameter values are identified for those process parameters where substantial excursion from the specified range could reasonably be expected to reach or exceed a critical value that would detrimentally affect the quality of the resulting product.

操作参数/关键参数操作参数：在偏离规定范围，达到或超过临界数值从而对结果产品造成质量损害的情况下，要找出那些工艺参数的操作参数数值。

More malicious strains can make your computer issue random sounds or greet you with unexpected screen messages.in extreme cases,viruses can wipe out data,damage files or even perform a format of your hard disk.

然而某些恶意的病毒变异体可使电脑时不时发出声响，或者突然在屏幕上冒出个对话框跟你打个招呼。在极端的情况下，病毒会清除数据，损害文件，甚至格式化硬盘。

In Chapter Five, the final chapter, the author concludes that, the obligee can choose theright of claim most favorable to him under general circumstances, or choose both of theclaims available to him under certain special circumstances; if the right of claims aretransferred, the inflicter shall demur with the existed right to claim indemnity, no matterwho lodge a complaint, either the transferor or the transferee; when the law has a specialprovision or the parties achieves a fairly special agreement within the limit of law, thespecial provision or agreement shall be obeyed.

论文的第五部分，也就是最后一部分，在分析前人的理论和实践的优劣的基础上，在分析解决问题的出发点的基础上以及在借鉴前人的成果的基础上，作者最后提出自己对该问题的解决方法，即：一般竞合的情况下权利人可任意主张其中一项对自己最为有利的请求权；特殊情况下受害人可同时采用双重请求权；竞合情况下若出现请求权转让，无论是转让人还是受让人依请求权提起诉讼，加害人都可以业已存在的对其要求损害赔偿的请求权进行抗辩；法律有特别规定或当事人在法律允许的范围内有特别的公平约定时，应依特别规定或特别约定。2

In that case, the employer or insurer may intervene in the employee's action for personal injury.

在这样的情况下，雇主或者保险人可能介入雇员的人身损害诉讼。

For the purpose of avoiding vexatious litigation, the parties are sometimes deterred by pecuniary penalties, and sometimes by an oath which is imposed by the Pr?tor. In certain cases an action for double damages is brought against a defendant; for instance, in the collection of a judgment debt, or for money expended for a principal, or for unlawful damage to property, or where proceedings are instituted to collect legacies left by condemnation. In some instances, the deposit of a forfeit is permitted to be made, for example, in an action

对于持否认态度地人，在某些情况下规定了双倍诉讼，比如，当因已决案、已清偿物、非法损害或者间接遗赠等问题而被诉时，在某些情况下，允许作出承诺，比如：当因借贷确定数额的钱款或者关于钱款的债务协议而被诉时；然而，在借贷确定数额的钱款的情况下，罚金未三分之一，在关于钱款的债务协议的情况，为二分之一。

The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of su stainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing dam age.

年 12 月阅读 1 关键是放弃主要关注在不增加损害的情况下保持产量需求的简单的，静态的可持续发展的措施。

V NEREUS of 10156 gross and 7068 net registered tones under the maltese flag registered at Valletta by official number 2691 owned by MESSRS NEREUS MARITIME CO LTD 13/16 Vincent building Valletta solemnly declare that :on the 25th day of December 1997 at 0400 HRS LT the said vessel being tight staunch substantially and sufficiently manned and furnished with everything necessary for such a vessel and intended voyage.

它不同于海事报告，海事报告是在船舶发生海事后，船、货的损害已形成，在对损害已存在的情况和损害的原因和程度已清楚的情况下，船长向有关当局递交的书面报告，其内容一般包括事故发生的时间、地点、详细经过、原因及损害程度，以及船方所采取的措施、处理经过等详细情况。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。