在应用

By the combination of statistic analysis and typical interviews, normative analysis and case study, macroanalysis and microanalysis, this dissertation has made a deeply research on the problems of town building and planning.

论文采 用统计分析与典型调查相结合，规范分析与实证研究相结合，宏观层面与微观层面相结合的分析方法，对小城镇建设存在的问题和小城镇规划存在的问题进行较系统深入的研究，总结了小城镇规划的指导思想、内容、方法及实施保障等；探讨了地理信息系统在小城镇规划管理中的应用；并应用经济计量学方法和边际分析方法对基础设施投资问题进行定量研究，在此基础上提出并验证小城镇基础设施投资对政府财政的依存度假说；基于财政政策分析，讨论了市场体制在小城镇基础设施建设投资中发挥积极作用的可能性及途径。

In the paper the effects and main differences of maleic anhydride and acrylic acid in the synthesis of polycarboxylate superplasticizers are analyzed according to their respective characteristics and technical requirements for synthesis.

根据马来酸酐与丙烯酸各自的特性和聚羧酸盐减水剂合成的技术要求，分析了它们在合成过程中的作用和主要差别，并概述了马来酸酐在合成中的应用情况，最后提出了马来酸酐在合成中应用的几点建议。

The author's goal is to expound the char- acteristic and application as well as relationship of them.In this paper,researched on origin and development of On tology an d Se￣nantic Web.anddiscussedSemanticWebbasedOnOn tology.thenanalyzedhowOntology饵ke uptheinsufficiencyofXMLandRDFin 9e- mantic description,and according to some examples introduced the application of On tology in W eb-Ser￣ce.

为阐述两者的关系，探讨基于本体的语义Web 的特点及应用，介绍了本体和语义 Web的产生和发展，在此基础上对基于本体的语义 Web进行研究，重点分析了本体在描述语义方面弥补了XML、RDF等的不足，并结合 web服务检索的实例介绍了本体在Web服务上的应用。

The study of metatheory became widespread during the rest of that century by its application in other fields, notably scientific linguistics and its concept of metalanguage.

通过在其它领域的应用，元理论的研究在20世纪得到广泛传播，而它在科学语言的元语言概念方面的应用尤其令人关注。

The Enneper's minimal surface is the unique cubic parametric polynomial minimal surface one can find and one can not find any high order polynomial minimal surface in the differential Geometry literatures.

极小曲面被广泛应用于建筑设计，飞机轮船制造业，在结构化学，材料科学，植物学，动物学等领域被用作各种模型，在这些应用领域已有很多文献出现，但是，在CAGD领域几乎还没有关于极小曲面造型方面的工作。

The author summarizes methods of achieving ET from wetland, for example, models of Thornthwaite, Penman Monteith, Prestley Taylor, Sanjiang Plain Swamp ,eddy correlation ,remote sensing and ...

通过总结国内外湿地蒸散量的测算方法，如Thornthwaite公式、Penman Monteith模型、Prestley Taylor模型、三江平原沼泽湿地蒸散经验模型、涡度相关法和遥感方法等，提出在湿地特定的自然条件下，经验模型法在湿地蒸散中的应用要比在其它陆地生态系统蒸散研究中的应用更为准确。

The use of application software in the process, a lot of application software is installed, it will appear in the system inside the system baffling phenomenon of conflict, a number of normal function, it will be of a permanent abnormal phenomenon, these are inevitable.

而在使用应用软件的过程中，很多应用软件安装好后，会在系统里面出现莫名其妙的系统冲突现象，一些正常的功能在永久了也出现不正常的现象，这些都是不可避免的。

Introduces the notion of Feynman's path integrals and path integrals approach to financial modeling; Derives the path-dependent options pricing formula by making use of the Lagrange form of path integrals; Discusses Ilinski(2003)'s Gauge model which based on path integrals and fibre bundle, and its application for real-options evaluation; Summarizes the general modeling framework of options evaluation, taking advantage of the Hamilton form of path integrals; Applies the Geske-Johnson's analytical approximation in the path integrals form to the real-options evaluation for investment decisions, detailed procedure is presented under the assumption that underlying asset price dynamic follows a geometric Brownian motion, and the integral reduction for multivariate normal integrals and polynomial approximation for real-options evaluation is given.

系统论述了路径积分概念方法及其在期权估值中的应用，利用路径积分方法的Lagrange表述推导了路径依赖期权定价公式：探讨了基于路径积分和纤维丛的Gauge模型思想方法在实物期权价值评估中的应用；利用路径积分的Hamilton表述形式，总结了基于Hamilton表述的期权估值一般化框架；基于路径积分的形式框架建立了一个新的投资期权估值模型，并在具体的估值算法中给出了多重正态积分的降阶计算和期权价值的多项式逼近方法。

The analysis of the optical signal transmission characteristics and the physical parameters provides the theoretical foundation for optimizing the design and improving the performance of AWG; and the optimizing design numerical value calculation method solves the complex problem of the optimizing design of the AWG, it can also provide a way for AWG computer aided design system; the AWG optical signal processing analysis provide a way for optical signal Fourier transform, serial and parallel transmission, circle shift, matrix transform and differential processing; the optical signal processing characteristics of AWG develop AWG to use for new field, and the optical signal processing will play an important role on all-optical networks in the future; by the definition of the wavelength transform matrix of the AWG, the signal output positions that come from these input signals of the different wavelength or the same wavelength but the different input ports and carrying different signals can be accurately determined, and the wavelength transmission matrix plays an important role for analyzing the routing of the complex optical network, or designing the network nodes such as the optical path add/drop multiplexer and optical cross connect device; the wavelength transmission matrix also provides a method for monitoring and managing the wavelength transmission of the optical network nodes; e analysis of the AWG' OXC node structure and wavelength routing provides a way for realizing the OXC, especially for multi-path/multi-wavelength OXC and the intelligence node of the optical networks; by the studying of the control plain characteristics, router, traffic engineering, program and the improved arithmetic of the wavelength routing, the method for realizing the GMPLS' OXC optical transport network is provided, and it play an important role for the study of the automatic switched optical network; the time-frequency analysis can provide more information about the dispersion and energy changes of .the pulsed light transmission in the singlemode fiber, it also provides more useful parameters for analyzing the dispersive accumulating and dispersive compensating.

AWG光信号传输特性与相关参数的分析，为进一步优化设计AWG及提高其性能提供了理论依据，而优化设计计算数值方法解决了AWG优化设计计算的复杂问题，为进一步建立AWG的计算机设计系统提供了基础；AWG光信号处理的特性分析，提出了AWG应用的新领域，为光信号的傅立叶变换、串并传输、循环移位、矩阵变换、微分处理等提供了一条途径；波长传输矩阵变换关系的建立，不仅得到了确定多路AWG每路信号从输入端口到输出端口的准确输出位置的方法，而且在分析应用AWG实现复杂的光通信网络路由的连接、特别在设计分插复用器和交叉连接器等网络节点时有重要的作用，能有效而准确地确定波长的路由关系，为实现节点波长传输路由的监控和管理提供有效手段；基于AWG的OXC结构和波长路由的确定为实现OXC技术、特别是多路多波长的OXC和光网络的智能节点技术提供了有效的方法；控制平面的特征、路由器、流量工程、程序及改进的波长路由算法的研究实现了基于GMPLS的OXC光传送网络的控制平面，为建立自动交换光网路提供了一定的基础；时频分析可以更直观和更清晰地描述脉冲信号在单模光纤中传输色散和能量的变化，为色散积累和色散补偿提供有效的分析参数。

It is presented to choose σ parameter of kernel function on dynamic, which enhances preciseness rate of diagnosis.

神经网络方法(Neural Networks，NN)在故障诊断中的应用研究取得了很多的成果，但它在网络结构选择、网络的训练及提高网络的泛化能力等方面存在的许多问题，限制了它在工程实际中的广泛应用。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。