在实验上

Summingthe infinite transfer matrix series exactly,the comparisonsbetween the experimental curves and our theoretical results showthat our physical picture and theory are suitable.

利用激光的相干性，单色性好的优点，获得消振荡，微区测吸收系数的方法。为了与实验比较，获得了峰谷比的理论公式，计算结果与实验上在精度10-2要求上一致。

The study of the distance education system of the college physics is a kind of alternant software of teaching. The system can improve knowledge and ability of students on Internet. Because it uses the object to show fabricated instrument,so we can finish the experiment by landing the distance education net.

大学物理实验远程教育系统是采用 3DMAXflashMX及网络编程技术开发的具有交互式的教学软件，该系统能使学生在Internet上，通过登陆远程教育网站，利用实物显示的虚拟仪器完成大学物理实验，提高学生的实验能力和学习兴趣。

The effects of equilibrium time,acidity of the solution,temperature,concentration of redox reagents on the adsorption of neptunium by silica gel were carried out.

进行了吸附平衡时间、酸度、温度、氧化还原剂浓度等条件对硝酸溶液中Np、Np和Np在硅胶上吸附的影响的实验，与吸附时同酸度条件下的洗脱实验，用浓度为3mol／L的硝酸作为解吸剂的解吸实验。

Slide a book across a table and watch it slide to a rest position. The book in motion on the table top does not come to a rest position because of the absence of a force; rather it is the presence of a force - that force being the force of friction - which brings the book to a rest position.

伽利略用二个底部相连的斜面做实验，在实验中他观察小球由一个斜面滚上另一个斜面的高度，如果斜面是光滑的，小球滚上另一个斜面的高度和原来的高度几近相等。

In this thesis,the AM1,MNDO,MINDO/3(mainly AM1)and INDO/S-CI semiempirical MO methods were used toinvestigate the excited-state intramolecular protontransfer reactions of salicylic acid derivatives—salicylic acid,methyl salicylate,salicylaldehyde,o-hydroxyaceto-phenone,salicylamide and 3-hydroxy-picolinamide (6 conformers and 2-3 anion species);2-(2'-hydroxy-5' methylphenyl) benzotriazole(4 conformers),2-(2' hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazole (3 conformers and 3anion species),Bis-2,5-(2-benzoxazolyl)hydroquinone(3 conformers),2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole(2conformers) and 7-azaindole dimer (2 conformers).Theinvestigations were described as follows.Geometry optimization,relative stability andhydrogen bonding energy First,for sylicylic acid derivative molecules,the AM1,MNDO and MINDO/3 methods were used toinvestigate ground-state geometry optimization,energies,relative stabilities and hydrogen-bondingenergies on the five kinds of the molecules(designing 6 conformers and 2-3 anion species).Comparing with experimental data,the optimizedgeometry,the order of stability,the hydrogen-bonding energies and the distances between O-O in O-H..O hydrogen bonds by AM1 method were in agreementwith the experimental data,however,the C-C bondlengths optimized by MNDO and MINDO/3 were longer,C-O and O-H bond lengths were shorter;for C-N bondlengths,the results opitimized by MNDO method werethe same as those by AM1 method,nevertheless the C-Nbond lengths given by MINDO/3 method were muchshorter.For some sylicylic acid derivatives(e.g.methyl salicylate,salicylamide),the order ofstabilities on the conformers given by MNDO andMINDO/3 methods were not in agreement with theexisting conformers deduced by experimental methods,and the hydrogen bonding energies calculated by MNDO.and MINDO/3 methods were smaller.Second,the studyon the other systems found that the optimizedgeometry of the proton-transfered product with INDOmethod could not be obtained,only could theoptimized geometry of reactant be obtained,and thecalculated hydrogen bonding energies were greater.Many results of calculation indicated that the studyon the excited-state intramolecular proton transferreaction system using AM1 method was suitable andreliable.

本论文用AM1、MNDO、MINDO/3（主要是AM1）和INDO/S-CI半经验分子轨道方法对水杨酸衍生物系列——水杨酸、水杨酸甲酯、水杨醛、O-羟基乙酰苯酮、水杨酰胺和3-羟基吡啶酰胺（6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）；2-（2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基）苯并三〓唑（4种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）苯并咪唑（3种异构体和3种阴离子）；2，5-二间氮杂氧茚氢醌（3种异构体）；2-（2'-羟基苯基）间〓杂硫茚（2种异构体）和7-〓吲哚二体（2种异构体）的激发态分子内质子转移反应在以下几个方面进行了较系统的理论研究：几何构型优化和相对稳定性及氢键能首先以水杨酸衍生物系列分子为例，用AM1、MNDO和MINDO/3方法考察了5种分子（每种分子设计6种异构体和2-3种阴离子）的基态几何构型优化，能量、相对稳定性和氢键能计算，通过和实验数据进行比较，AM1方法给出的优化几何构型、稳定性次序、氢键能和O—H。。。O氢键的0—0距离与实验数据吻合最好，MNDO和MINDO/3方法优化的C-C键长偏长，C-O键和O-H键长偏短；对于C-N键长，MNDO和AM1优化结果差别不大，而MINDO/3给出了过短的C-N键长，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的有些水杨酸衍生物分子（如水杨酸甲酯和水杨酰胺）异构体的稳定性次序和实验上推测的可存在异构体结果不一致，MNDO和MINDO/3方法给出的氢键能偏低，对其他体系的研究发现INDO方法常常不能得到质子转移产物的优化几何构型，只能得到反应物的优化构型，并且估算的氢键能偏高，大量的计算结果表明AM1方法对本论文研究的激发态分子内质子转移反应体系是适宜和可靠的。

The soil and bark samples collected from Yunnan, Hebei and Shanxi provinces of China, and also from Vietnam, were used as the materials in this experiment. And dung pellets of rabbits or goats that had been autoclaved can be used to induce many kinds of fruiting bodies of the Myxobacteria in different colors, sizes, and shapes. We isolated and purified Myxobacteria strains with the improved method which was found by our laboratory.

本实验以采集自越南以及我国的云南、河北、陕西各地的土样和各种树皮、腐木作为实验材料，利用兔、羊粪球和滤纸作为基质诱导出多种颜色丰富、形态多样的粘细菌子实体，采用本实验室摸索出的较为有效的纯化粘细菌的方法，在实验器材上用24孔细胞培养板代替传统的平皿，有效地缩短了粘细菌的纯化周期，提高了分离纯化的效率。

The results show that side force, lift and overturning moment obtained by simulation and by wind tunnel test are consistent. When train travels with certain speed, the aerodynamic force and overturning moment acting on passenger car running on bridge, embankment and flat will increase greatly as cross-wind becomes larger while those increase less when the train runs on cut. Under the condition of strong cross-wind, aerodynamic force and overturning moment acting on train traveling on bridge are the largest. So the train traveling on bridge tends to overturn compared with that traveling on other three kinds of railway conditions. Aerodynamic force and moment acting on train traveling on cut are the least.

研究结果表明：侧向力、升力和倾覆力矩数值模拟结果与风洞实验结果均吻合较好；车速一定时，随着侧风速度的增大，列车在桥梁、路堤、平地上运行所受气动力和倾覆力矩均急剧增加，而在路堑上运行所受气动力及力矩增加缓慢；当侧风速度一定的情况下，客车在高桥上运行所受到的气动力及力矩最大，因此，强侧风下列车在高桥上运行较容易发生倾覆事故；在路堑上所受到的气动力相对最小。

The methods testing the WEP usually are torsion pendulum and free falling, the latter one is limited by the height of experiment, so the sensitivity of this method can't be improved, thus nowadays the torsion pendulum is mostly used in high sensitivity experiment.

检验弱等效原理的方法多为扭秤方案和自由落体方案，自由落体法由于受到实验高度的限制，使得在地球上的实验精度无法得到进一步提高，因此现在高精度的地面实验大都采用扭秤方案。

It is very important to reveal the characteristic of nonlinear small-scale self-focusing of broadband laser experimentally, and it is also of great theoretical and practical significance for the development of high-power laser system.

本文在利用解析和数值方法研究宽带激光自聚焦规律的基础上，通过搭建具体的实验平台，进一步从实验上研究了宽带激光小尺度自聚焦的动态传输过程。

These facts conflicted with current theory and were not explained until 1905, when Einstein produced his quantitative law and developed the theory of quanta of light or photons, which was verified much later by Millikan.

此后，莱纳德又继续拓展赫兹关于光电效应的研究，他分析了在高真空环境下光电效应的特性和本质，证明了当紫外线照射在金属上时，会使电子从金属表面逸出，并在真空中传播，电子在电场中被加速或减速，电子轨迹在磁场中改变。通过精确的实验，他证明发射的电子数量正比于入射光所带的能量，而电子的速度，或者说它们的动能，却与入射光能量无关，当入射光的波长减小时，电子速度增大。这个事实与当时的理论是相冲突的，经典物理学无法解释莱纳德的光电效应实验结果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。