在实验上

This thesis introduces the research history of sonoluminescence, the properties and equipments of single-bubble sonoluminescence and the factors affecting the amount of light emission. Based on the experimental realization of SBSL, the experiment in this thesis is to confirm the coherence between the emitting frequency and the driving cycle of SL. Under this feature ,we established the programme of the experiment that measure the angular correlations in SBSL , built the experimental devices and conducted initial measurements .Then we got the conclusion that there is a presence of non-spherical symmetry in the process of SBSL .

本文介绍了声致发光的发展历史，对单泡发光的特性和实现声致发光的设备进行了描述，对影响发光强度的要素做了概述；并在实现单泡声致发光的基础上通过实验验证了单泡声致发光的发光频率与驱动超声频率具有一致性的特点，根据这一特点确立了声致发光角分布测量的实验方案，建立了实验装置，并进行了初步测量，得到在声致发光的过程中存在着非球形对称状态的结论。

Dependent on the past research in seaice, in Bohai Sea, in 2003-2004 winter and 2004-2005 winter with level ice for the target we open the field experiments to study the essential spectrum characteristic of ice, removing by testing means various nonessential factor for sea water in the fixing big ice plate, building up 170 growth conditions to look like under the natural condition, the growth expect different sample series; in 2004-2005 winter and 2005-2006 winter continue two pass to break thorough Bohai Sea in the ship to collect 59 sea ice sample that have the non-essential ice factors in winter, open the influence research that the field hangs sand to contribute to the spectrum of the ice body; in 2005-2006 winter, fast ice to open the field spectrum curves to coast and analytical research.

总结前人的研究成果和开展一系列的室内实验，在渤海—北半球纬度最低的结冰海域，于2003/2004、2004/2005 连续两个冬季以单层平整冰为目标开展实验研究一年生海冰的冰体本质光谱特征，在固定冰盘上以实验手段摒除各种光谱干扰因素，在自然条件下建立170 个生长条件近似、生长期不同的样本系列；于 2004/2005、2005/2006 连续两个冬季通过破冰船深入渤海采集59 个具有非冰体本质因素的海冰样本，开展悬沙对冰体反射光谱的影响研究；于2005/2006 冬季，针对沿岸固定冰开展光谱测量和分析研究。

In this paper, searching technology of product information based on knowledge was researched. On the aspect of cognition, we researched the relation between user\'s cognition and designer\'s cognition, explored the knowledge flow in the process of product development, set up a matching model between user\'s knowledge and designer\'s knowledge, brought forward a modeling method based on users\' cognition, and set up a measurable model of product feature; coded and decoded product form element, set up a computer aided product form design system and image evaluating system based on the result of measurement. Accordingly, the product style and product image were systematically discussed, the recognition space of product style and image was constructed, the factors that affect product style and image were put forwards and analyzed, and the relation between product image and form elements was tested by experiments. Furthermore, the product automatic recognition technologies were discussed.And then, with the media of concept model and the kernel of parameter technology, a mathematic model that describing product layout design by constraints and rules was presented. Furthermore, a product design integration system based on imagery thinking including product fonii base system based on imagery thinking, product form design system based on imagery thinking and product form intelligent design system based on space layout were set up, which tested the system and provided a new way for product innovative design.

本文以产品特征描述目标对象——产品，研究一种基于知识的产品信息检索技术，在对产品的认知方面，研究了用户认知和设计师认知之间的关系，研究了产品开发过程中的知识流传递过程，建立了用户知识和设计知识之间的匹配模型，提出了一种基于用户知识的产品建模方法，它不但提取了产品的特征，还建立了产品特征量化模型，从而实现了产品知识的量化描述；对产品造型元素进行分解和编码，利用实验量化结果构造计算机辅助产品形状设计系统和心象评价系统；使用量表分析造型元素的心象尺度，构造输入、输出系统，建立了产品设计知识库咨询系统，可以方便用户和设计师来导入或查询产品设计方案；实现了对产品造型心象的分类知识库系统，便于设计师存储或查询，辅助设计师进行产品创新设计；通过实验量化了产品造型参数和产品心象参数之间的关系，并在此基础上建立了基于心象的产品形状设计系统，为产品空间布局方案智能生成系统奠定基础；在基于知识库的基础上建立了产品空间布局方案智能生成系统，通过更改概念产品造型参数，实现了产品设计方案的智能生成，使系列化的设计工作变得十分方便；将产品的心象运用到实际设计过程中，能够引导流行趋势，创造出产品无形的设计价值。

On the basis of the previous results and according to the central composite experimental design principles,the method of response surface method with 3 factors and 3 levels was adopted.then the factors influencing the technological parameters were determined by means of regression analysis.response surface and contour were finally graphed with the extraction rate as the response value.resultsthe optimum conditions of lycium barbarum polysaccharides extraction were as follows:the ratio of material to solvent of 1∶32,extraction temperature of 84℃ and extraction time of 2.3 h,one time extraction.conclusionthe yield of lycium barbarum polysaccharides is 11.10% under the optimum conditions.

方法在单因素实验基础上选取实验因素与水平，根据中心组合（box-benhnken）实验设计原理采用3因素水平的响应面分析法，依据回归分析确定各工艺条件的影响因子，以多糖提取率为响应值作响应面和等高线。结果在分析各个因素的显著性和交互作用后，得出枸杞多糖水浸提的最佳工艺条件为：料液比1∶32；浸提温度84℃；浸提时间2.3h；浸提1次。结论在最佳工艺条件下，枸杞多糖的实际提取率可达11.10%。

But in actual experimental process, the viscous force of friction has influenc in the varying degree to the measurement result when the initial velocity of the slide block is different.

在气垫导轨上做碰撞实验，最大限度地减少了摩擦阻力的影响，但在实际的实验过程中，仍发现滑块的初速度不同时，粘滞性摩擦阻力对测量结果有不同程度的影响，为此在气垫导轨上增加了电子发射装置，较好地控制滑块的初速度和测量滑块的加速度，从而减小粘滞性摩擦阻力对测量结果的影响。

The creative point of this dissertation consists firstly in that monochromatic stimuli instead of combined spectral power distribution were used as visual object, and spectral luminous efficacy curves were drawn from the performance-based method; Comparison between performance-based method and brightness-matching method was then done and therefore connection between these two methods was developed; One more creative point is that the analysis based on the theory of neurophysiology and psychophysics leads to the conclusion that contribution of the colour channel during visual information processing is reflected from performance-based method, which should be considered when CIE develops the new mesopic photometry system.

论文的新颖之处在于实验中使用了单色光谱代替复合谱或物体色作为视觉目标，在分析中间视觉状态下视觉功能的光谱响应特性的基础上反推了人眼的光谱光视效率函数；论文更进一步验证了基于视觉功能法和传统的视亮度匹配法之间的联系，在两种方法之间构造了一座桥梁，为基于视觉功能法的使用初步建立了理论依据；同时论文创新地采用心理物理学的方法进行实验和结合物理学和视神经生理学的知识对实验结果进行分析，从而从视觉信息处理的神经机制层面证明了基于视觉功能法获得的结果包含了视觉颜色通道效应，并对CIE在建立新的中间视觉光度学系统时要充分考虑这一视觉颜色通道的影响提出了建议。

The infrared radiation characteristics of unsymmetrically two dimensional nozzle are experimentally studied. UTDN is designed and manufactured by prolonging one broad side of a general two-dimensional nozzle AR8 and its aspect radio is 8. Temperature distribution on the axes and spectral IR intensity on the orientation of 0, 10, 30, 60 and 90° on three typical detective planes of the hot plume are measured on hot plume simulation platform of the turbo fan engine.

为了研究非对称二元喷管(Unsymmetrically two-dimensional nozzle， UTDN)的红外辐射特性，首先以宽高比为8的常规二元喷管(AR8)为基础，设计加工了UTDN，然后在涡扇发动机热喷流实验台上测量了UTDN轴线上的温度分布以及在后半球典型探测面内0， 10， 30， 60和90°方向上的红外光谱辐射强度，积分得到辐射强度的空间分布，并在相同的实验条件下，与AR8进行了比较。

For preparing for the researches of text digital watermarking and advantaging other researchers" development when using the Chinese mathematical expression theory, this paper designs and realizes a development platform of Chinese mathematical expression. It has been proved by experiments that the platform"s function, execution speed and stability can satisfy the requirements of conversion and operation of enormous data.This research found out that the structure information of Chinese have plenty redundant information that can be used by the Chinese mathematical expression for the digital watermarking, the data embedded can possess better robustness. Based on this finding, this paper designs a kind of text digital watermarking method of embedding watermarking by using Chinese structure, and realizes the method by using the Chinese mathematical expression platform.Considering the watermarking embedding algorithms importance to the robustness of the text digital watermarking, this paper makes fully use of the advantage of the Chinese mathematical expression theory to design a kind of layered text method, which has being realized by using the Chinese mathematical expression platform. The layered text method can handle the text as a solid structure, and the embedding data havepreferable robustness.Finally, based on the researches of the text digital watermarking method and the text layered method, this paper integrates the method of making use of the Chinese structure embedding watermarking with the robust algorithm based on text layered, and realizes a brand-new text digital watermarking method. Proved by lots of experiments, this brand-new method has good robustness and better invisibility.

为了为研究工作做准备和方便其他使用汉字数学表达式理论体系的人进行开发，本文基于汉字数学表达式理论设计实现了一个汉字数学表达式平台，实现了Unicode汉字集中的汉字、汉字数学表达式、汉字的Unicode码之间的相互转化、依据汉字数学表达式提取汉字的结构信息、由汉字数学表达式在非中文平台上不依赖字库显示汉字的图像等功能，使用复合文档技术和流压缩技术进行数据的存储，使用对汉字数学表达式进行二叉树拆分来处理汉字数学表达式中包含的信息，使用自定义哈希函数来提高运行速度，实验证明，该平台功能、速度和稳定性完全能满足大量数据的转化和运算要求；通过研究表明汉字的结构信息中存在大量可使用汉字数学表达式理论加以利用的水印加载空间，加载在该空间的数据可以具有较好的鲁棒性，基于此，本文设计了一种利用汉字结构加载水印的文本数字水印方法，并使用汉字数学表达式平台将其实现；由于水印嵌入算法对于文本数字水印的鲁棒性至关重要，本文充分利用汉字数学表达式理论的优点，设计了一种文本分层的方法，并使用汉字数学表达式平台将其实现，使文本成为一个立体的空间，使嵌入在其中的数据具有更好的鲁棒性；最后在基于汉字数学表达式的文本数字水印嵌入方法的研究和基于汉字数学表达式的文本分层方法的研究的基础上，结合利用汉字结构嵌入水印的方法和基于文本分层的抗攻击文本水印嵌入算法实现了一种全新的文本数字水印方法，经实验证明，该方法有良好的鲁棒性和较好的隐蔽性。

Oocyte samples from one group were collected to detect the presence and integration of HBV DNA within cells and chromosomes using PCR, Southern blot, dot hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The female animals from another group were mated with their normal males, respectively. Their zygotes, 2-cell embryos were collected to detect the integration of HBV DNA in the female pronuclei of zygotes and the replication and expression of HBV genes in the 2-cell embryos using FISH, RT-PCR and immunofluoresence assay.(1) PCR detected positive bands in the tested oocyte samples fromgoldon hamster and mice. Southern blot revealed clear hybridization signals in PCR products.

研究用金黄地鼠和小鼠建立实验动物模型：将卵巢内注射HBV DNA的实验动物分成两组，一组注射后进行超排卵，收集卵巢和输卵管的卵母细胞，用PCR、Southern杂交，斑点杂交和荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization、FISH)检测HBV在卵母细胞内的存在和染色体上的整合；另一组超排雌鼠与正常雄鼠合笼，收集受精卵和2-细胞胚，用FISH、RT-PCR和免疫荧光检测技术分别研究HBV基因在受精卵雌原核上的整合以及在2-细胞胚中的复制与表达。

On the bases of absorption spectra measurements, it is shown that stabilizer is beneficial to the stability of J-aggregate of sensitizing dye Results of reflection spectra and spectral-exposure experiments demonstrate that spectra absorbance are greatly affected by the adding order of stabilizer and sensitizing dye and only stabilizer added after dye can advantage for J-aggregate of sensitizing dye neatly forming on the surface of silver chloride grain and its absorbance be available ESR experiments show that the addition of stabilizers can decrease the number of dye positive hole and accelerate the decay of it Then desensitization aroused by the recombination of dye positive hole with photoelectron and/or latent image center, was reduced at the presence of the stabilizers

通过溶液光谱实验说明稳定剂有利于染料J聚集体的稳定性；反射光谱实验和光谱曝光实验证明稳定剂与染料的添加次序对乳剂的光吸收有很大的影响，只有稳定剂在染料之后加才有利于染料在AgCl颗粒上排列整齐形成J聚集态及其光吸收；ESR实验结果说明稳定剂的加入可以降低染料正空穴的浓度及其衰减速率，使乳剂中染料正空穴减少，从而抑制了染料正空穴引起的减感作用。因此可以认为稳定剂的超增感作用：一是有利于染料形成J聚集态及乳剂的光吸收；二是降低染料正空穴的浓度，从而抑制染料的减感。同时还提出了染料与稳定剂的增感吸附模型。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。