在实验上

" "Experimentally established...the conception of localized light-quanta out of which Einstein got his equation must still be regarded as far from being established.

然而，很难在他已发表的实验文章中找到任何支持自己期望的内容，所以密立根内心的这种冲突发生了细微的变化，他勉强承认爱因斯坦的光电方程在"实验上是成立的"，但是他依然认为"导出光电方程的光量子理论远远没有建立起来

We have experimentally performed the measurements of phases, the experimental data and the analyses have been given.

我们在实验上进行了对相位测量的研究，给出实验数据以及对实验结果的初步讨论。

The magnetic moment problem of the composite particle has been reviewed in this talk ; The effect due to the magnetic moment of leptons and stratons will be put forward for discussion if describing them as composite particles; In particular, the measured gyromagnetic ratios have been shown that it is consistent with the prediction in QED exactly; Finally, there is a possibility, which is described in a simple model, that the compositeness of stratons and leptons is not contradictory with the experiment...

在这个报告里，我们回顾了复合粒子系统的磁矩问题，分析了如果描述层子和轻子为复合粒子，磁矩问题将会带来的影响。特别是轻子的g-2值在实验上有精确的测量与量子电动力学的准确计算相当好的一致，最后从一个简单的模型讨论表明存在着可能性，轻子、层子是复合的，然而又与目前的实验相一致。

Further theoretical research and computer numerical simulations should be conducted to reveal the intrinsical mechanism .

文中对电场诱导相变现象在实验上和理论上都做了初步的探讨，但在电场诱导相变的标度率方面的研究还以实验工作为主，有待从理论和计算机模拟上做更进一步的研究。

The theoretical and computational results show that an important reason resulting in eccentric wear of the inner cylinder and the pumping rod lies in the nonuniformity of the stress distribution on the outwall of the inner cylinder which yields excentralization effect of the pumping rod when swabbing fluid flows in eccentric annuli with the pumping rod moving axially in a well.

在实验上，通过不同重量百分比浓度的HPAM水溶液在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流实验，把由理论公式算得的时间平均流量与实验中测得的时间平均流量做了比较，验证了本文数值计算幂律流体在内管做轴向往复运动的偏心环空中非定常流方法的正确性；上述的理论与计算表明，抽油机井杆管偏磨的一个重要原因是，在聚驱工况下，抽汲液体在抽油杆做轴向运动的井筒中流动时，抽汲液体作用在抽油杆外壁上的压力分布的不均匀性所引起的抽油杆在井筒中的偏心效应。

In order to get good results in experiments, it is needed to judge performance of various pinhole designs qualitatively or quantitatively before experiment.

为了能够在实验上获得较好的结果，需要实验前对各种针孔设计方案进行定性和定量的判断。

According to this, wedevelop a new method to determine the effective pinning energy by the measuring thepenetration field of sample as a function of the field sweep rate.

这一方法实验用时短，数据处理简单，为我们研究样品钉扎和评估样品性能在实验上又提供了一个新的手段。

In order to analyze experimentally the back-scattering micro-spectrum difference between human normal stomach epithetic cell and the cancerous cell to provide optical technique for clinical checking,a micro-spectral measurement setup for checking cell was established based on fiber confocal microscopically imaging technique combined with cell light scattering theory. It could provide micro-imaging and micro-medical spectral information simultaneously.

为了在实验上分析人正常胃上皮细胞与癌变细胞的显微后向散射光谱的区别，为临床医学检测提供实验依据，在光纤共聚焦显微成像技术基础上，结合细胞散射理论，建立了一套基于光纤共聚焦的细胞检测显微光谱分析装置，能够同时获取细胞显微图像和显微光谱医学信息。

In chapter 4, by AREELS, the Generalized Oscillator Strength Density Spectra were measured in the energy region from 56 to 66eV, with the incident energy 2. 5 keV and energy resolution 80 meV, at scattering angles from 0°to 6°, corresponding to the momentum transfer K〓=0.03~2. 01 a. u. The Fano profile parameters f〓 and q for the optically allowed transition 〓(0, 1)〓P°and the optically forbidden transitions 〓(1, 0)〓S〓and 〓(1, 0)〓D〓 were obtained as a function of K〓. With the hyperspherical coordinate wavefunctions, the dynamical correlation are discussed qualitatively. So, a new experimental way to study dynamical electron correlation effect is opened.In chapter 5, the widely used R-matrix theory was introduced. Then, the GOSDS for the optically allowed excitation series (1s〓)〓S〓→〓(0, 1)〓P°(n=2-4) were calculated by this method, and the Fano profile parameters f〓 and q were obtained sequently. So the electron correlation effect can be described by these parameters quantitatively, and the theoretical results were compared with our AREELS experimental results.

在第四章中，实验上，同样使用角分辨的高能量分辨快电子能量损失谱仪，在2.5keV电子入射能量和80meV的能量分辨下，测量了0°到6°散射角下的He原子双电子激发态在56~66eV的广义振子强度密度谱，这种情况，0°~6°对应的动量转移范围K〓=0.03~2.01a.u。，得到了光学允许跃迁的双电子激发态〓（0，1）〓P〓和光学禁戒跃迁的双电子激发态〓（1，0）〓S〓、〓（1，0）〓D〓的Fano线形参数f〓，q等随动量转移变化的曲线；观测到了几个强度很弱、能级很窄的光学允许和禁戒跃迁双电子激发态，用前人准确的理论结果进行了标识；通过比较弱共振〓（1，0）〓S〓和〓（-1，0）〓S〓的强度随动量转移K〓的变化规律，结合超球坐标理论计算的波函数，定性地阐述了在电子碰撞散射过程中它们各自不同的动力学电子关联效应，发展了一套在实验上研究电子关联效应的新方法。

The research which is the important part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser is composed of two main parts: 1. the gain part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser, which in fact is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, its output characteristics are discussed both in theory and experiment, and the differences are also discussed between theory and experiment; 2. the saturated absorber part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser, also the part to narrow the line width of the fiber laser. The line-width narrowing mechanism in fiber laser induced by unpumped Er-doped fiber is presented from the aspect of coupling wave equation, and the main factor is considered as the standing wave induced by interference. The line-width is narrower when the standing wave is stronger, and the narrowing effect disappears with the disappearance of the standing wave. In the experiment, when adding a Faraday mirror in the laser cavity to remove the standing wave , the narrowing effect disappears. So the theory is proved by the result of the experiment.

本课题的研究内容是集成光学声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的重要组成部分，主要分两部分：1、声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器中增益部分的研究，相当于对掺铒光纤放大器的研究，理论上对掺铒光纤放大器的输出特性进行分析，实验上实现了掺铒光纤放大器系统，并将实验数据与理论计算数据进行对比，分析了误差产生原因；2、声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器中饱和吸收体部分的研究，即压窄光纤激光器输出线宽的研究，从耦合波方程出发，理论上解释了未泵浦掺铒光纤压窄光纤激光器线宽的原理，分析了影响该作用的主要因素是未泵浦掺铒光纤中相对传输的光干涉形成的驻波：驻波越强，压窄效果越好，相反当没有驻波时，没有压窄效果，在实验上通过在激光器腔内加入法拉第旋转镜使驻波消失，同时压窄效果消失，从而验证了理论分析的正确性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。