在国外

Influential theories, notions and techniques developed in the Western tradition have been introduced into the studies of the Chinese language since the late 19th century, as represented by the works of Ma Jianzhong, Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren, Chao Yuen Ren and Lü Shu- xiang, and have since formed an integral part of modern Chinese linguistics.

1988年底，《国外语言学》编辑部在北京槐树岭举办第二届编辑工作研讨会，会议主题是"国外语言学理论与方法应用于汉语的成果、动态和设想"。与会者就该主题进行了热烈地讨论，会上提出的一些观点，学界后来屡有述评。十七年过去了，中国的语言学研究又取得了长足的进步，《国外语言学》也改名为《当代语言学》。

During the course of the well-known "new mathematics" campaign, the status of Euclidean geometry was completely overthrown in I960" s. After deeply thought of "new mathematics", the standpoint that geometry curriculum should reflect the content and method of modern geometry and be in touch with the student" s real life was agreed on. Other countries have tried some significant attempts. We can find from some geometry textbooks that the methods of transform and vector have appeared as a normal part. Simultaneous, not only the new developments of geometry such as Topology have been referred , but also the connection between geometry and practice has been strengthened.In China, geometry curriculum is also in the during of innovation.

而学校几何课程在二千年的时间里一直没有多大的变化，直到二十世纪初"克莱因—培利运动"的第一次冲击，到60年代"新数学"运动的全盘改革，以及之后的深入反思，中学几何课程要反映现代几何学的内容和方法以及紧密联系于实践的观点已经受到普遍的重视，国外的几何课程已经在这方面做了不少有意义的尝试，从国外的一些几何教材中可以发现：变换、向量等工具已经作为正式的内容进入几何教学，拓扑学等几何的新发展也开始在教材中有所体现；几何课程与实践之间的联系更是在很大程度上得以加强。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害"死者人格"的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的"名义上的精神损害"，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

The paper includes the forewprds and the following three parts: Forewords: After introducing the concept, character of Enterprise Reforming System, the author concludes that we should use the successful experience of other countries for reference to constitute our own Enterprise Reforming System.

在本部分中，笔者研究了国外企业重整制度产生的历史背景，并选择美、英、法、德、日等国为代表，介绍了国外企业重整制度的立法实践及其立法体例，论述了国外相关制度的基本理论基础及其对我国的借鉴意义。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in China Wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following: first, Under the condition that there is a distance of time between injury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation; The second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries; The third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation.

探讨以介绍和比较国外相关法律规定和学术理论为前提，结合我国的实际情况，从理论与实践相结合的角度对以上各问题分别进行了分析，并提出了作者自己的一些见解：第一、在公民从受伤害到死亡有一段时间距离的情形下，死者的近亲属除依法享有其固有的精神损害赔偿请求权以外，还可以继承死者生前就其所受之精神损害而享有的精神损害赔偿请求权；第二、在加害人的行为已造成直接受害人残疾，或者是造成其健康严重受损的其他后果的情形下，我国应在借鉴国外已有立法和判例的基础上，赋予一定范围内的受害人近亲属以精神损害赔偿请求权；第三、法律保护死者人格不受侵害的目的是为了保护死者近亲属的利益和维护公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近亲属能证明其诉讼主体的合法性，能够证实侵害&死者人格&的行为已构成侵权，即可推定死者近亲属因此而遭受了精神痛苦——无须举证的&名义上的精神损害&，死者近亲属即可提起精神损害赔偿之诉。

For fear of the spreading of tobacco blue mild in the process of tobacco seed import, firstly analysis the ways of seed import and the tobacco Pest Risk Analysis, and point out the importance and necessity of forcefully abiding by national law and rules, and then put forward a set of mechanism of anti quarantined diseases based on establishment of negative pressure greenhouse. It is shown that this kind of mechanism has valuable effect in tobacco seed import.

为防止在烟草国外引种过程中传入烟草霜霉病等危险性病害，在分析烟草国外引种渠道及潜在危害的基础上，指出此项工作应严格遵守国家法律法规的重要性和必要性，提出依托建立健全烟草隔离检疫负压温室防范烟草危险性病害防御体系的一种模式，经实践证明，该体系的建立和实施对烟草国外引种的安全性有参考和应用价值。

For the performance research of trimaran sailing in shallow waters, some advanced countries have put some efforts, in contrast with little made in our country.

三体船作为一种高性能的新船型近年来已引起造船界的兴趣，一些造船先进国家为开展这方面的研究投入了大量的人力和物力，我国在这发面起步比较晚，在该方面也开展了一定的工作并取得了一定的进展，但和先进国家还有一定的差距，尤其在三体船的性能研究方面与国外的差距更大，在浅水域三体船方面国外做了一些研究，我国在这方面的研究比较少。

Overseas, it mainly analyses Friedrich Froedel\'s thought of teaching games, Herbart \'s thought of interest teaching, Dewey \'s thought of activity teaching, Jim Rogers\' thought of human oriented teaching, Georgi Lozanov \'s thought of suggestopedia.

在国外，主要分析了福禄倍尔的教学游戏思想、赫尔巴特的兴趣教学思想、杜威的活动教学思想、罗杰斯的人本教学思想、洛扎诺夫的暗示教学思想。

Because of lack of placebo group in the previous studies, it is difficult to conclude that dopamine agonists have the effect of neuroprotection and L-dopa may accelerate the progression of the disease.

在国外既往研究中，由于缺乏安慰剂对照组，尚无法明确定论受体激动剂有神经保护作用，而L-dopa加速了疾病进展。

Today, Russian companies have little trouble floating paper abroad, and ratings agencies hint they may soon label Russia as an investment-grade sovereign risk.

今天，俄罗斯的公司已经没有什么困难地在国外浮动他们的票据，而且评级公司也纷纷暗示，他们可能会很快把俄罗斯列为投资级主权风险。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。