在国内外

Nowadays, the product life cycle design methodology has become one of the most important techniques to reasonably utilize the natural resources and carry out mankinds sustainable development strategic objective.

在综述国内外产品生命周期设计的研究成果和分析现有产品生命周期设计模型的基础上，指出了当前在生命周期设计领域存在的一些问题。

Via study earnestly overseas and domestic theory literature about urbanization, cluster of small-and-medium-sized enterprises and the relativity between both, the author has primarily hold the coupling and acting each other internality mechanism which between cluster of small-and-medium-sized enterprises and urbanization, and think urbanization effect is the common essence characteristic of urbanization and cluster of enterprises; cluster of enterprises is the economy support of urbanization, the enterprise clusters in special area is the internal restrict condition of the town bringing and outspreading, whereas, cluster of enterprises is the precondition and condition of population cluster; Urbanization is the effective carrier and space support, which offer effective drive and condition to the formation and development of enterprise cluster.

在对国内外城镇化、中小企业集群及二者相关性等方面的理论文献进行认真研究的基础上，本文初步掌握了中小企业集群与城镇化之间耦合互动的内在机理：集聚效应是城镇化与企业集群共同的本质特征；企业集群是城镇化的经济支撑，企业在特定区域的集聚是城镇产生与扩张的内在约束条件，而人口的集聚又以企业集聚为前提和条件；城镇化是企业集聚的有效载体和空间依托，为企业集群的形成与发展提供有效的动力和条件。

Based on the study and inheritance of the domestic and overseas achievement in the related field, this thesis makes research into the theory and application: On theory, this thesis puts forward the concepts of Engineering Cost, Engineering Cost Management and Engineering Cost Estimation, analyzes the relation between them; And it introduces the factors which influence the engineering cost estimation, then puts forward the study of the methods; It particularizes the common methods of estimating the engineering cost, introduces the principle, the operation and the application condition, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method; By introducing the mention, the principle, the reasoning process and the comparison with the traditional reasoning mechanisms, it makes out the essence of this method, and views it as a whole.

本文在研究、继承已有国内外研究成果的基础上，在理论和应用方面都进行了研究：理论方面，提出了工程造价、工程造价管理、工程造价估算的概念，分析之间的相互关联；介绍工程造价估算的影响因素，提出对编制方法的探讨；列举出目前常用的工程造价估算方法，介绍各种方法的原理、使用方法及应用条件，分析各自的优缺点；通过介绍基于案例推理的提出、基本原理、推理过程和与传统推理机制的比较，剖析该方法的精髓，对其有了整体把握。应用方面，基于对研究对象的深刻理解，分析了工程造价估算问题和基于案例推理二者结合的必要性和可行性；建立了基于案例推理的工程造价估算系统，综合运用模糊数学、灰色理论、运筹学等知识，构造了系统算法；并运用上述理论和方法进行了实例分析，实现了基于案例推理的工程造价估算问题的初步研究，使得运用基于案例推理方法解决工程造价估算问题的设想得到了肯定。

Firstly we discuss the meanings, content and the principals of the evaluation of credit, and exert the credit theory of MAX to the evaluation of credit to get the contents for the evaluation of credit in theory. Then through analyzing the present system of credit evaluation in the civil and overseas countries, and through using the credit evaluating system of overseas risky venture, on the side of the creditor, we device the credit evaluating system into such six aspects as the character of the enterprises, the capacity of paying back, the capacity of payoff , the capacity of operating, the capacity of innovating and the capacity of pullulating. Finally we use the method of AHP and dim mathematics to demonstrate the feasibility of the system that is formed in the fifth part.

本文首先通过对资信评估的内涵、内容及原则进行探讨，并在理论上运用马克思信贷资金循环理论对企业资信评估应考虑的因素进行理论分析，在对国内外资信评估指标体系分析研究的基础上，创造性地联系到国外风险投资机构的评估指标体系对高科技企业资信评估指标体系的借鉴意义，选取债权人的角度，从企业素质、偿债能力、盈利能力、营运能力、创新能力和成长能力六个方面设计了高科技企业资信评估指标体系，并选取层次分析法和模糊数学综合评判法来综合评判高科技企业的资信等级。

Especially the dynamic characteristic of regulator is an important factor to appraise the capabilities of regulator. Nowadays, the problem of dynamic characteristic of regulator is not raveled out property by the entire world.

其中动态特性是衡量减压器性能的重要因素之一，目前国内外关于箭体减压器动态特性问题理论上都没有得到妥善解决，国内在这方面的理论研究更是十分有限，在实际应用中就曾出现减压器因启动时振动而失效，导致飞行任务失败的故障。

By using of in situ formed orifice technology, delivery orifice of MOP can be formed automatically during tableting and coating process, thus laser drilling machine can be cast aside. Although the ability to prepare delivery orifice by ISFOT for MOP has been recognized for years, there are still few reports about the study and application of such technology.

原位致孔技术可以使单层渗透泵制剂的释药孔在压片和包衣过程中自然形成，从而避免渗透泵制剂在生产过程中对激光打孔机的依赖，然而，自该技术问世以来，国内外却鲜有关于该技术的研究报道。

By using of in situ formed orifice technology, delivery orifice of MOP can be formed automatically during tableting and coating process, thus laser drilling machine can be cast aside.

原位致孔技术可以使单层渗透泵制剂的释药孔在压片和包衣过程中自然形成，从而避免渗透泵制剂在生产过程中对激光打孔机的依赖，然而，自该技术问世以来，国内外却鲜有关于该技术的研究报道。

In the development of institutions, the company set up under the Chinese Room, physical and chemical analysis room, drug analysis room, intelligence research, such as research departments; in experimental instrumentation, the company has advanced equipment at home and abroad, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography spectrometer, UV spectrophotometer, tableting machines, biochemical incubator, constant temperature and humidity, and drug dissolution device, Rotary Evaporator, vacuum drying, optical rotation detector, such as large-scale apparatus.

在开发机构方面，公司下设中药室、理化分析室、药物分析室、情报研究室等研究部门；在实验检测仪器方面，公司拥有国内外先进的仪器，如高效液相色谱仪、气相色谱仪、紫外分光光度计、压片机、生化培养箱、恒温恒湿器、药物溶出仪、旋转蒸发仪、真空干燥箱、旋光测定仪等大型仪器。

ABSTRACT Erbium-doped fiber laser has attracted much more attentions for its greatly potential application. It upbuilds good theory and experimental foundation for the application of erbium-doped fiber lasers in optic communication, optic detection etc. to study control and synchronization of chaotic erbium-doped fiber lasers.

掺铒光纤激光器因其在光通讯等领域具有广阔的应用前景而受到国内外广大科技工作者的重视，掺铒光纤激光器的混沌/超混沌及其控制与同步的研究更为其在光学保密通讯、光学检测等领域的应用奠定了良好的理论和实验基础。

The effect of the concentration, pH of several ligands such as acetate, oxalate, tartrate and phosphate solution and their orders added on the adsorption and activity of BSA and acid phosphatase on yellow brown soil, latosol, kaolinite, goethite and -MnO2 was first systematically studied by using batch and FTIR methods after analyzed and studied the relative literature that reported in the world.

论文在分析总结了国内外有关研究的基础上，用批量法和傅立叶变换红外光谱法首次系统地研究了乙酸、草酸、酒石酸和磷酸几种配体的浓度、pH及加入顺序对牛血清白蛋白、酸性磷酸酶在黄棕壤、砖红壤、高岭石、针铁矿和二氧化锰表面的吸附行为及活性的影响，探讨了这些配体对蛋白吸附机理及二级结构的影响。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。