在国内外

PSO is a population-based optimization algorithm, which mimics the social behavior of animals in a flock. It makes use of individual and group memory to update each particle position allowing global and local search optimization. The objective function considered was the total weight of the structure subjected to stresses, displacements and forces constraints. The effects of the parameters were investigated as well and such combination of tuning parameters promote a better global search behavior avoiding premature convergence while rapidly converging to the optimal solution. Results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with ANSYS Design Optimization Tool (zero-order method). The PSO with the tuning parameters makes it an ideal method for offshore wind turbines foundations optimization tasks.(2) A reliability analysis method for pile foundation bearing axial loads based PSOThe performance function of pile foundation's axially bearing capacity sometimes is nonlinear and complex, on the basis of geometric meaning of structural reliability index, an optimum model with PSO for structural reliability analysis under arbitrary random variables was established, The PSO algorithm is very efficient to solve global optimization problemsIts use in structural reliability field presents not only the advantage of its facility of implementation, but also the possibility to obtain the design point and the failure probability with a good accuracy. In addition, PSO is a zero order algorithm, for no derivative is necessary for its implementation.

本文的研究针对桩式海上风机基础结构的特点，在国内外有关研究成果的基础上对海上风机基础结构优化设计理论和可靠度方法一些相关问题进行了较为深入的研究，具体做了以下几个方面的工作：(1)基于粒子群优化的桩式海上风机基础确定性优化设计方法桩式海上风机基础的优化设计是一个复杂的、非线性约束的优化问题，针对传统的基于梯度信息的优化方法在处理非线性问题中易陷入局部最优解的问题，本文将一种耦合惩罚函数的PSO算法引入到海上风机基础结构概念设计中，PSO算法是从群体动物聚集觅食这一活动中受到启发而发展的，该算法利用个体和群体的信息共享不断改进自身的位置从而进行局部和全局最优搜索，本文中以桩和三脚架连接段直径及壁厚为设计变量，以基础总重量作为优化的目标函数，在给定的约束条件下建立了三脚架基础优化数学模型，另外本文还研究了PSO参数变化对结果的影响，协调的参数组合可以避免陷入早熟收敛而能够快速的获得全局的最优解，通过与ANSYS优化模块的计算结果比较验证了该方法的有效性，本方法为海上风机基础的确定性设计提供了一条有效的途径。

Decades, the company flash products in the domestic order of 30 large and medium-sized civilian and military airport; various obstacles lights in the domestic and international aviation sales breakthrough 10,000 Taiwan; heliport navigational lighting equipment in the country nearly 20 military and civilian helicopters Field application.

十年来，公司顺序闪光灯产品在国内30家大中型民用、军用机场使用；各种航空障碍灯在国内外销售突破1万台；直升机场助航灯光设备在国内近20家军民用直升机场应用。

Our customers mainly spread over the big electronic product gathering cities at home and abroad. Our products widely applied in computer peripheral products, air industry, communication field, automotive, medical instrument, cameras, printers, household appliances and photoelectric instrument and apparatus, etc. Especially, we have accumulated rich experience in mobile phone and obtained good reputation and credit in customers.

客户主要分布在国内外各大电子产品聚集主流城市，产品广泛应用于电脑外设、航空航天、通讯、汽车、医疗器械、照相机、打印机、家用电器、光电仪器仪表多个领域，尤其在通讯类手机产品方面积累了丰富经验，在客户中获得了良好的知名度与信誉。

The results of simulation study and lake trial showed that vector sensor had notable advantages over traditional hydrophone.

矢量传感器在弱信号检测和目标定位等领域得到了广泛的应用，但其在水声通信领域中的应用在国内外还是空白。

This project also obtained several limit theorems for some important dependent random variables and stochastic processes, such as the Strassen law of the iterated logarithm for negatively dependent random variables, strong limit theorems for mixing random vectors in Banach spaces, sample path properties for two-parameter fractional Wiener processes, and so on.

随机环境中的随机变量与随机过程的研究在国内外相当活跃，本项目主要研究它们的极限性质，着重研究了随机风景中随机变量与随机过程的极限性质，主要取得了以下几个结果：首先对简单对称的Kesten-Spitzer随机游动在低阶矩的条件下给出了强逼近，大大减弱了前人要求任意阶矩的条件，然后对独立风景中的一般随机变量给出了强逼近的一般性结果，由此导出在风景和随机变量都只具有低阶矩的条件下的独立但不同分布、混合相依变量的强逼近，在只有弱高于二阶矩的条件下得到了重相对数律和弱收敛；给出了连续时间参数的Brown风景中Brown运动和稳定风景中稳定过程的滞后增量和连续模等精确样本轨道性质；同时给出了一些重要的相依随机变量和过程的若干极限定理，如负相关随机变量的Strassen重对数律、抽象空间上混合相依变量的一些强极限定理成立的充分必要条件、两参数分数Wiener过程的样本轨道性质等。

In the paper, on the basis of aggregation of previous studies, the development of optical technology and development trends at home and abroad are introduced, the principle of Fresnel lens is summarized. In accordance with its principle, circle equidistant steps Fresnel lens design is described. And on this basis, based on Fresnel design, also based on a continuous upward spiral of the plane curve concept, incidence surface and the backlight is set up to greet Archimedes - Fresnel lens design formula and the Second parabolic type Fresnel lens design formula, and on this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of the three designs is discussed.

本文在充分了解非球面光学技术在国内外的发展状况和趋势的基础上，同时从菲涅尔透镜的光学原理出发，并根据它的工作原理推导了圆环等距菲涅尔透镜的设计步骤，并在此基础上依据菲涅尔的设计思想，同时依据平面曲线的连续又呈螺旋的构思，推导出了迎光面和背光面阿基米德型菲涅尔透镜的设计公式和二次抛物面型菲涅尔透镜的设计公式，并在此基础上讨论了这三种设计各自的优缺点。

In general, this issue belongs to the category of environmental history. While when it comes to some specific issues, trace element in soil is the cut-in point to study the changes of Chinese ancient society. At the present time, such research method hasn\'t been applied in history studies domestic and abroad so far. Therefore, the studies of the paper are only exploratory and immature researches.Three issues are concerned here:lTrace element in soil under geographical environment and the Hun and the Hsienpei\'s levirate.

本文主要探讨地理环境下的土壤微量元素与中国古代社会变迁的关系问题；在总体上，这一专题是属于环境史的范畴；但在具体问题上，则是以地理环境下的土壤微量元素问题做为切入点，来研究中国古代社会变迁问题的；就目前的情况看，这种研究方法在国内外历史学的研究中尚无先例；所以，本文的相关研究只能是带有一些探索性的、不成熟的研究。

This dissertation firstly introduces the content, core concept as well as the development of 6 sigma management method and analyzes the theory of using 6 sigma to improve bank's competitiveness; then it summarizes the experience of oversea bank on practicing 6 sigma management method based on the illustrations of Bank of America and City banking group; Next it goes to the necessities and feasibilities of 6 sigma management for domestic banking sector, indicating the strategic goals and significance for domestic banks to implement 6 sigma management; Finally, it discusses the way to implement 6 sigma management and relevant factors, including the barriers of technology, management and culture which are confronted by domestic banks during the implementation of 6 sigma management; the role and function of 6 sigma management in the ongoing domestic banking sector reform; the strategy and process to implement 6 sigma management system; the way to launch 6 sigma projects.

本文首先介绍了六西格玛管理方法的内涵、核心理念及其在国内外的发展状况，并对六西格玛管理方法提升银行竞争力进行了原理分析；然后以美洲银行和花旗银行为例，归纳总结了六西格玛管理法在国外银行业的实践经验与对国内银行的启示；结合我国金融体制改革和加入世贸组织后的市场开放，系统论证了我国银行业实施六西格玛法的必要性与可行性，指出了国内银行实施六西格玛管理方法的战略目标和战略意义，最后，结合国内银行的实际运营与管理情况探讨了六西格玛管理方法的实现方式，包括国内银行实施六西格玛管理所面临的技术、管理和文化障碍；六西格玛管理在国内银行现行改革中的地位和作用；国内银行实施六西格玛管理的原则、策略和步骤；六西格玛项目的操作方法研究。

The article puts forward the design plan that NC lathe machine tailstock body is made in PC based on analyzing the properties and application present situation of PC material in order to promote the application of PC in machine tool trades in our country.

在分析PC材料性能及其在国内外机床行业应用现状的基础上，提出了用PC材料作数控车床尾架体的设计方案，以求促进PC材料在我国机床行业的应用。

The available operation range in clivus and anterior cranial base by transsphenoidal opproach was also observed during the operation under the help of neuronavigational pointer. Forty-one patients underwent sublabial, transseptal, transsphenoidal approach to the pituitary region guided by Surgical Microscope Navigation was studied. The piriform aperture was 27. 2mm±3. 1 , the origin of inferior nasal concha 30mm±4. 1, the origin of middle nasal concha 27. 9mm±4. 3. These data are important for transsphenoidal approach, because the piriform aperture and the origin of both inferior and middle nasal conchas restricted the opening width of the Hardy specula. If any distance of these bony structures was much less than the mean one, may cause inadequate opening of the specula blade and resulting dissatisfied operative field. Microadenomas or cystic tumors perhaps can be operated even in a narrow exposure, but large or giant solid adenomas may need a proper evaluation including changing the operative approach or performing a bilateral submucous inferior conchotomy or posterior ethmoidectomy firstly.

手术中还利用CT导航系统观察棒研究了经口—鼻蝶窦入路在斜坡区和前颅底能够达到的实际有效操作范围，为扩大经蝶窦入路手术在斜坡区和前颅底的应用奠定基础，在国内外尚未见同类报道。41例垂体瘤患者梨状孔平均宽度27.2mm±3.1，下鼻甲根部附着处间距30mm±4.1，中鼻甲根部附着处间距27.9mm±4.3，这是经口—鼻蝶窦入路手术中，对Hardy双瓣鼻窥器张开限制的主要骨性结构，若患者这些径线值明显小于平均值，则可能因为鼻窥器打开不充分而影响手术暴露，当然对于垂体微腺瘤和以囊变为主的垂体瘤可能影响不大，但对于大和巨大垂体瘤必须要有充分的准备，包括评估是否改用其他入路，或先行鼻甲切除再行经蝶手术。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。