在传播中

Optical properties of the atmosphere including sky background radiation and surface reflectance are basic physical quantities for atmospheric radiative transfer, light propagation research, and can also find important application in remote sensing, adaptive optics, free-space optical communication, etc.

大气光学特性（包括地表的光学特性和天空背景辐射特性）是光波在大气中传播和大气辐射传输研究必需的基础物理性质，在气象、气候和天文观测等基础和应用研究以及自适应光学技术、自由空间光通讯等光电工程应用中具有十分重要的作用。

Overseas Chinese literature in the ten years of the new century, presented at a deeper level the integrity of the overseas Chinese writers in the "new old" hand-over communication between the generations, the Chinese writers generation and new immigrants from overseas due to the deep-seated patterns of Chinese literature adjustments, Chinese development in the cultural displace and spread , and all reflect the efforts of overseas Chinese literature beyond the east and west binary to point the "third element".

新世纪10年海外华文文学在深层次上呈现的中华民族文学的整体性，海外华文作家"新老"交接中的世代沟通，华人新生代和新移民作家创作引起的海外华文文学格局的深层次调整，汉语在文化流徙传播中的丰富发展，都反映出海外华文文学超越东、西二元而指向"第三元"的努力。

Angular spectral is spectral value map formed by estimating semblable coefficients of fast and slow shear wave or the variation of amplitude ratio of fast and slow shear wave with times and angles at a specified space point based on semblable theory of fast and slow shear wave, the angle value of this space point at a given time can be got by picking the maximum of angular spectral; the study reveals that fast and slow shear wave with different polarization direction should be separated using different rotation formula, eight formulas of separating fast and slow shear wave using clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation have been derived, and gained energy assignment rule and phase coincidence rule, in real data estimation, the rotation formula used for separating fast and slow shear wave can be uniquely determined on the two discriminating rules. On the basis of semblable theory of fast and slow shear wave, the delay time corresponding to the maximum of semblable coefficients at a specified point in a given time window is the delay time of fast and slow shear wave, delay time section of fast and slow shear wave can be got by moving space point and smoothing time window. The vertical variation values of delay time of fast and slow shear wave reflect the effect degree of vertical fractured reservoir on fast and slow shear wave which is defined as anisotropic coefficient, and section map of anisotropic coefficient can be obtained.

角度谱就是利用快慢横波的相似性原理，在某一空间点求出快慢横波的相似系数或快慢横波的振幅比值随着时间和角度的变化而形成的谱值图，拾取其极大值就得到该空间点某一时间的角度值；在研究中发现分离不同偏振方向的快慢横波应该采用不同的旋转公式，推导出了利用顺时针旋转和逆时针旋转分离快慢横波的八个公式，并给出了能量分配准则和相位一致性准则两个判别准则，在实际计算中利用这两个判别准则能唯一地确定分离快慢横波的旋转公式；根据快慢横波的相似性原理，在某一给定点和给定时窗内最大相似系数对应的延迟时间就是快慢横波的延迟时间，随着空间点的移动和时窗的滑动就可以得到快慢横波延迟时间的剖面图；快慢横波延迟时间与慢横波传播时间的比值定义为裂缝密度，并求出了裂缝密度剖面图；快慢横波延迟时间纵向上的变化值的大小反映了纵向上裂隙层对快慢横波影响的大小，定义为各向异性系数，并求出了各向异性系数的剖面图。

As all above, results shown in this work will help to understand the fundamental principle of optics both in theory and experiment based on Snell\'s law.

因此，本研究工作中所获得的结果将增加人们对经典物理光学中最基本定律的认识和理解，无论是在理论还是应用上都有着现实的意义，能促使人们更好地认识基于Snell定律的电磁波在物质中的传播规律。

Tertiary waves are seismically generated acoustic waves that can propagate over great distances in the SOund Fixing And Ranging channel. On 2004/12/26, big Sumatra earthquake ( Mw =9.3) occurs at the Sumatra island. A huge tsunami excited by the energy from the big Sumatra earthquake causes a great lose, thus a lot of scientists from all over the world pay a lot attention to such big Sumatra earthquake.

T-波是由海底地震或者海陆边界俯冲带附近地震激发，并在海洋低速层中传播的声波。2004年12月26日，在印度洋东部印尼苏门答腊岛附近发生 MW =9.3级大地震，其产生的能量在印度洋中激发了巨大的海啸，造成了严重的人员伤亡和财产损失，受到了世界科学家们极大的关注。

The development of research strategies and novel molecule methods in recent years have made a more careful analysis of HGT possible under natural and artificial conditions. Furthermore, horizontal transfer of catabolic gene in environment enhances biodegradation of recalcitrant organic compounds. Particularly, the delivery of catabolic gene information of conjugative plasmids to bacterial population in situ has great potential in bioenhancement.

近年发展起来的研究策略和新的分子生物学方法使人们能对自然和人工模拟状态下的水平基因转移进行更精细的分析，降解基因在环境中的水平传播促进了难降解有机物的生物降解，尤其是携带降解基因的接合质粒向原位细菌种群中的转移在生物强化中具有巨大的潜力。

Based on the propagation and transformation law of Wigner distribution function through a general axially nonsymmetrical optical system,investigated is the transform relationship of WDF between the input and the output planes of a pair of cylindrical lenses system which is used widely in optical signal processing .

基于维格纳分布函数在一般非轴对称系统的传播和变换规律，讨论了在光学信息处理系统中常用的双柱透镜系统输入和输出面WDF之间的变换关系，在直角坐标中给出了联系该系统相空间坐标的维格纳分布函数的坐标变换关系式和等价的矩阵表示。

Ponderomotive force of laser beam propagating in plasma could become stronger as the intension of laser beam strengthening , and in fluid mechanics ponderomotive force is related to implicate term, so implicate term could become stronger as laser beam's strengthening and couldn't be ignored.

当在等离子体中传播的激光脉冲达到一定强度时，有质动力会变得比较强。而在流体力学方程中有质动力一项与牵连项相关。因此当激光达到一定强度的时候，流体方程中的牵连项也会变得比较强，不可以被忽略。

Spectra of I_2 in benzene solution shows that Raman scatting light intensity is increased gradually as scattering distance is increased, in the scattering process it is accumulated and it is getting stronger and stronger.

苯溶液的I_2拉曼光谱，表明在液芯光纤内产生的拉曼散射光谱的强度是随着激发光束在介质中作用距离的增加而增强的，拉曼散射光在光纤的传播中不断累积得以增强。

The intensity of the ultrasonic wave will increase when the ultrasonic wave is focused by the sound lens in rock stratum.

然而 ，这种方法要受到两个因素的制约：一是增大超声换能器的功率，必然要增大超声换能器的尺寸，这在本身尺寸就很小的油井中是有一定限度的；二是当超声换能器辐射出的超声波的强度过大时，在超声换能器的周围要发生强烈的空化现象，产生大量的气泡，这些气泡将对超声波产生强烈的散射作用，导致超声波的衰减，反而降低超声波在岩层中的传播距离[1] 。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新