在传播中

AVO analysis is suggested for solving to solve the difficulty in identification of thin alternating layers in exploration of oilfields. It can improve the current method that has no thickness variable in the formula of reflective and is limited by sampling rates in calculation of the coefficient in the time of domain. Using the relationship of stress and displacement on two interfaces, this paper derives the spectrum of reflective coefficient for any incidence angle and thiekness of thim layer based on the equation of seismic wave propagation in the frequency domain.

针对油气田开发中薄互层认识难的问题，提出从AVO分析解决困难，克服现有方法在反射系数公式中无厚度变量、时间域计算反射系数谱受采样率限制的不足，运用两个界面间位移与应力关系，从频率域地震波传播方程推导了任意入射角和薄层厚度下的反射系数谱。

We have analyzed the interaction between lightwave and microwave in polymeric electrooptic modulators. Local poling structure was suggested to apply to the waveguide modulators, which will enhance the interaction between lightwave and microwave and improve the modulation efficiency considerably. In addition, instead of the coplanar electrode, the microstrip line was proposed to be the modulating electrode.

对有机聚合物电光波导调制器中光波与微波的相互作用进行了分析，提出利用局域极化结构可使在光波导中传播的光波与调制微波间的相互作用明显增强，与传统的使用平面电极的电光波导调制器进行了比较，调制效率增强一倍以上。

Therelationship between the turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate,whichis widely used to parameterize the dissipation rate in turbulence closure models,is found to hold well for both reversing and rotating flows,but with differentcoefficients.Microstructure profiling measurements at two comparative stations (a deepercentral basin and a local shelf break) in the stratified Yellow Sea are analyzed,with emphasis on tidal and internal-wave induced turbulence near the bottomand in the pyenocline.The water column has a distinct three-layer thermohaline structure,consisting of weakly stratified surface and bottom boundary layers anda narrow sharp pycnocline.Turbulence in the surface layer is controlled by thediurnal cycle of buoyancy flux and wind forcing at the sea surface.while thebottom stress induced by barotropic tidal eurrents dominates turbulence in thebottom boundary layer.The maximum level at which the tidally enhanced mixingcan affect generally depends on the magnitude of the tidal current,and it canbe up to 10-15 m in the Yellow Sea.This suggests that,in the deeper regionsof the shelf seas,turbulent dissipation and mixing are very weak at the levelsbetween the near-bottom tidally enhanced layer and the pycnocline.Therefore,these levels provide a significant bottle neck for the vertical exchanges.In theshallow regions,however,the tidally-induced turbulence can occupy the wholewater colum below the pycnocline.A quarter-diurnal periodicities of the turbulentdissipation rate and eddy diffusivity are found at different heights with evidenttime lag.In the relatively flat central basin,the pycnocline is essentially non-turbulent and internal-wave activity is very weak.Therefore,vertical fluxes acrossthe pycnocline decreased to molecular levels.In contrast,internal waves of variousperiods can be always found near the local shelf break.

对强层化季节黄海两对比性站位(分别位于中央海盆区与局地陆坡区)处层化、内波以及湍流混合特征的研究结果表明：1、强层化季节的陆架海水体一般呈现显著的三层热盐结构，在水体近乎混合均匀的上混合层与潮流底边界层之间为强跃层；2、近表层水体的湍流混合强度主要由海表浮力通量的日变化与海表风强迫控制，而在潮流底边界层内，潮混合是水体热量、物质、动量与能量垂直交换的主要机制；3、潮混合影响的深度由潮流大小决定，在黄海，一般可达10-15 m，因此，在水深较深的区域，在跃层与潮混合所至深度范围的上界之间存在湍流混合非常弱的区域，这显著抑制水体内物质的垂直通量，为物质垂直交换的瓶颈，而在水深较浅的区域，潮混合影响范围可至跃层底部，因此物质在跃层以下整个水体中混合非常均匀，当跃层内间歇性强混合发生时，可以产生显著的跨跃层物质输运；4、近底潮致强湍流耗散缓慢地向上传播，底上不同深度处垂直湍扩散系数也具有显著的位相差异，且二者均随时间呈现四分之一周日周期的变化；5、在地形较为平坦的中央海盆区，内波活动非常微弱，因此跃层内湍流混合非常弱，垂直扩散系数为分子扩散水平，跨跃层物质通量受到显著抑制，而在地形变化较为显著的局地陆坡区，内波活动非常活跃，除内潮的影响外，高频内波与内孤立波的影响也很显著，因此跃层内存在很强的间歇性强混合，内孤立波存在的区域，水体湍流混合显著增强。

Viruses do 'escape' from laboratories, even high security facilities. The H1N1 influenza lineage that circulated in the human population for four decades after the 1918 Spanish influenza epidemic, disappeared during the 1957 Asian influenza pandemic, was absent for two decades, but then reappeared in 1977. Gene sequences of the 1977 isolate and others collected in the 1950s were almost identical, indicating that the virus had not replicated and evolved in the interim, and had probably been held in a laboratory freezer between 1950 and 1977 and 'escaped' during passaging.

病毒确实从实验室中'逃跑'，即使有高度保护设施。H1N1家族流感病毒，在人类传播了40年自1918年西班牙流感疫情之后，在1957年亚洲流感大流行后失踪，消失了20年，但随后在1977年重新出现。1977年分离基因序列和在20世纪50年代收集的基因序列几乎相同，这表明病毒并没有复制和演变在中间期，并可能在1950年至1977年保存在实验室冷冻器，又在中间期内&逃脱&出来。

The H1N1 influenza lineage that circulated in the human population for four decades after the 1918 Spanish influenza epidemic, disappeared during the 1957 Asian influenza pandemic, was absent for two decades, but then reappeared in 1977. Gene sequences of the 1977 isolate and others collected in the 1950s were almost identical, indicating that the virus had not replicated and evolved in the interim, and had probably been held in a laboratory freezer between 1950 and 1977 and 'escaped' during passaging.

病毒确实从实验室中'逃跑'，即使有高度保护设施。H1N1家族流感病毒，在人类传播了40年自 1918年西班牙流感疫情之后，在1957年亚洲流感大流行后失踪，消失了20年，但随后在1977年重新出现。1977年分离基因序列和在20世纪50 年代收集的基因序列几乎相同，这表明病毒并没有复制和演变在中间期，并可能在1950年至1977年保存在实验室冷冻器，又在中间期内&逃脱&出来。

During Catholicism was spreaded in Shanxi the roles that the foreign missionaries,Chinese clergies and its believers played were important parts of Shanxi Catholic history.They respectively played important roles during the Catholicism incultured in Shanxi.Up to now,the behef of the Catholics,their rituals and their basic conditions such as their age,sex,status and economic situation were shortages of Chinese Catholic research field.Studying the policies and attitudes that Shanxi local officials towards the Catholicism and the relationship between the believers and non-believers can provide experiences and lessons for Shanxi temporary government and people,now they are building up harmonious society,these experiences and lessons can help them treat the Catholics properly.

天主教在山西传播过程中外国传教士、国籍神父及本地教徒各自充当的角色、发挥的作用是山西天主教史重要的组成部分，他们分别为天主教在山西的本土化发挥了各自的作用；教徒的信仰内容、各种礼仪以及身份、年龄、性别、经济状况等基本情况是目前为止中国天主教史研究领域的短缺部分；对自天主教传入山西以来山西地方官对天主教的政策、态度以及民教关系的研究，则能于当前构建和谐社会的过程中，为政府、民众正确对待山西天主教徒，处理好和他们的关系，提供历史经验借鉴。

Mosquito is a communicator. And communication is a process of mutation. It is all about deceits and lies. In the context of my work, mosquito plays a role as the joint.

蚊子是传播者，传播的过程是一个变异的过程，在这个过程中满是欺骗与谎言，在我的作品体系中，蚊子应该是一种承接者，起了一个转折的作用。

A seismic scattering tomography method based both on the above-mentioned results and the fixed point inversion that is a sort of global optimization method is developed.

在地震波传播及散射理论研究中，我们推出了任意非均匀声学介质中的格林函数，并在此基础上给

First, we introduce the linearly distributed stress tensors as the source and by means of two-dimensional finite-difference scheme to obtain the response of this source, then the point source response is generated by correcting both the wave forms and geometrical spreadings for the linear respons.

但在理论地震学，工程地震学和勘探地震学中横向不均匀介质中的波传播问题非常重要，此时使用有限差分法和有限元法等离散数值方法比较有效。鉴于目前计算工具的限制，三维模型的有限差分计算虽然在理论上是可行的，但很少能用于实际。

Based on the beam propagation dynamic equation with the photovoltaic effect of the uniform background illumination, it is theoretically demonstrated that gray photovoltaic spatial solitons can exist in photovoltaic media with positive refractive index perturbation.

从考虑背景光的光伏作用后的光束在光伏媒质中传播的方程出发，证明了在折射率改变为正的光伏媒质中也可以形成灰孤子。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。