在争论中

Without disputing Gray's exegesis part of the argument, I'd like to take issues with some of his defensive points on behalf of the historicist Berlin in asserting that liberal institutions can have no universal authority, and that liberalism can be best conceived as a particular form of life, with no universal claim on reason, foundation in human nature or privileged place in history.

本文并不争论格林理论中的诠释部分，我只是想讨论格林站在历史主义者伯林的立场上所辩护的下述观点：自由主义的机制并没有普世性的权威，而自由主义至多只是一种特殊的生活方式，不能对理性提出普遍要求，也并非在人性中有其普遍基础，不能在历史中要求特殊的地位。

In the second place, they may be of different kinds depending on whether they assert that a certain practice is necessary, sufficient, or neither necessary nor sufficient but still helpful, for the fostering of the disposition referred to in premiss, or simply that it is more effective in doing so than other methods are; and the conclusion in must be understood differently, depending on which of these claims they make, though the argument may in each case be read as establishing that the practice in question has some value or desirability.

其次，它们可能属于不同的种类，依赖于它们是否声明一种特定的实践是必需的、足够的或既不必需又不足够但仍然是有助的，因为就要培养的性状在前提中已经涉及，或简单地说它这样做比别的方法是更有效的；而且，中的结论，必须依赖他们提出的是这些声明中的哪一个，被进行不同的理解，虽然，关于问题中提到的实践，是有一定价值或是让人心满意足的争论，如在建立时那样能够在每一个例子中被读到。

And the question whether universals, given that they exist at all, exist ante res or in rebus is as controversial in the twenty-first century as it was in the thirteenth century and the fourth century B.C.

普遍性东西是"先于客"还是"在客体中"存在？这个问题，假设普遍性东西存在，在二十一世纪的争论如同其在十三世纪或公元前四世纪的争论。

The Sardar Sarovar Project has attained a symbolic status in the debate around development and it has well illustrated the impact and limitation of transnational forces on the interaction between states and NGOs in developing world in environmental area.

印度萨达尔·萨瓦多水坝建设在关于发展的争论中具有象征性的意义，集中展现了跨国力量在环境领域发展中国家与本土NGOs 互动中的影响与局限。

I now ask that my ministering brethren shall not make use of my writings in their arguments regarding this question (' the daily '); for I have had no instruction on the point under discussion, and I see no need for the controversy.

我现在要求我的传道的弟兄们，在他们有关「每日的」问题的争论中，不要引用我的著作；因为在所辩论的这一问题上，我从来没有得到过甚么指示，并且我看无需为此问题争论。

Two monks, he explained, had cudgeled each other into near-unconsciousness during an argument about whether or not the Lord Usires had magically freed a man from a pig-spell on the island of Grenamman.

他解释说，有两个修道士，在一场争论中，用棍棒彼此把对方打得几乎意识不清了，而这场争论，是关于Usires大人，是否曾经用魔法将一个人救了出来，那个人，被岛上的Grenamman人，用咒语变成了猪。

There is a brief introduction about the development of western just view in Chapter one, among them it is a key about understanding of the social just concept and value judgment, which create the academic background for the just dispute of Rolls and Nozick, promise that will explain next at the same time; Chapter two in this text should explain emphatically, through the two theory frame exposition and comparative analysis, we can draw the conclusion that the essential of the dispute focuses on the value judgment of social justice, that is to say , it is the understanding to right " question ; It is the investigation of social background aboutthe dispute mainly in Chapter three, this shows , the thinking essences of any social justice are all demanded by the reform to the unreasonable social current situations , and this kind of reform often needs implementing to the system or system aspect, therefore the thinking to the theory needs putting in the specific social environment, only through this can we make the accurate judgment ; Begin from chapter four, it is the practical problem that the full text needs solved, namely the unjust problem existing in the transitional country. By probing into the reference meaning of just ideas between Roils and Nozick, and build up foreshadowing for the system of the last chapter; The last chapter, the corresponding solution has be put forward aimed at the origin of the unjust phenomenon that our society make the transition, namely under the background of system innovation, we should structure the scientific management mode, and realize from "good policy " to the basic " good at managing .

第一章简要的介绍了西方正义观的演变过程，其中关于社会正义概念的理解和价值判断是个关键，同时也是为接下来要阐述的罗尔斯、诺齐克正义观的争论创设一个理论的背景；第二章是本文要着重阐述的环节，通过对两者理论框架的阐述和比较分析，得出两者争论的根本还是社会正义的价值判断上，也就是对于&权利&问题的理解；第三章的设置主要对两者争论的社会背景的考察，由此可以看出，任何社会正义的思考实质都是对不合理的社会现状的改革诉求，而这种改革往往需要落实到体制或制度层面，因而对于理论的思考也需要放在特定的社会环境中，才能做出准确的判断；从第四章开始，是全文需要解决的实际问题，即针对转型国家在转型中存在的非正义问题，探讨罗尔斯、诺齐克正义理念的借鉴意义，并为最后一章的制度架构做铺垫；全文最后一章，针对我国社会转型中的非正义现象的产生根源，提出了相应的解决办法，亦即在制度创新的背景下，构建科学管理模式，实现从&善政&到&善治&的根本转变。

The debate raged on until a few days before the conference was scheduled to open, with both the British government and Adams's allies in the Congress and the Irish-American community turning up the heat.

这场争论一直持续到按时举行的和平会议开幕的前几天。英国政府、亚当斯在国会中的支持者和爱尔兰裔美国人社团都使得争论愈发激烈。

Among the participants were numerous representatives of both the Mid-Pacific Road Runners and the Waikiki Swim Club, whose members had long been debating which athletes were more fit, runners or swimmers. On this occasion, U.S.

在参加者中，有很多人是&中太平洋路跑俱乐部&和&怀基基游泳俱乐部&的代表，而这两家俱乐部的会员长期以来都在争论着在赛跑者和游泳者中哪类运动员的体能更好。

After a century of quarrels, this conflict — among others — eventually lead to the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which devastated the Empire.

经过将近一个世纪的争论，这个争论——在许多其他争论中——最后，导致了30年战争（1618-1648），这也彻底的毁坏了帝国。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。