在上游

Fragments from the 239th to the 944th nucleotide of the coding regions of all actin mRNAs were amplified with two actin specific primers. Fragments from the 239th nucleotide of the coding region to the end of actin mRNAs were also amplified The electrophoresis results were compared between the macropterous and brachypterous brown planthoppers.

利用两条肌动蛋白特异性引物，扩增出了肌动蛋白基因mRNA的编码区片段，另外，将肌动蛋白特异性引物作为上游引物，将与3'锚定反转录引物部分序列相同的引物作为下游引物，扩增出了从肌动蛋白基因mRNA的编码区第239号碱基到Poly尾的这段cDNA，并在翅型之间作了比较。

However, it is not known how orthodontic force influences the function of cementoblast and what is the relationship between the function change of cementoblast with root resorption. So we studied the effect of mechanical stimuli on root resoption by examining the expression OPG and RANKL and exploring the related signal transduction pathway in cementoblast. Methods: Cementoblasts OCCM30 were cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS for 48 hours and starved in DMEM with no FBS for 24 hours, then subjected to mechanical strain by four-point bending system with tension and compression stress at 2000μstrain at 0.5Hz frequency. The flow cytometry was used to examine the cell cycle and proliferation activity after 3h, 6h, 12h, 24h loading respectively. OPG and RANKL mRNA were analysed with real time quantitive RT-PCR after the same loading period as FCM.

本课题利用四点弯曲力学加载系统，采用流式细胞术、实时荧光定量PCR、Western免疫印迹等方法，研究体外培养的成牙骨质细胞株OCCM-30在不同力学环境中增殖活性的变化，以及其表达骨保护素和破骨细胞分化因子的mRNA的变化，探讨应力刺激对成牙骨质细胞表达破骨细胞分化调控蛋白的影响，并通过对应力刺激下成牙骨质细胞分裂原活化蛋白激酶家族中的ERK1/2、P38MAPK活性的变化及其与OPG、RANKL基因表达变化关系的研究，对力学刺激调节破骨细胞分化调控蛋白的相关上游信号转导通路进行初步探讨。

TPH gene contains a chort of variants, these polymorphisms distribute promoter upstream, intonlB、 1C、7、8and 9, in addition to a microsatellite repeat at 3' downstream.

TPH基因存在多个变异点且具有遗传多态性，这些多态位点分别位于上游启动区、内含子1B区、1C区、内含子7、内含子8及内含子9区，在下游3'区亦有一微卫星重复序列。

In recent years the desertification area of farmland is 100 thousand mu and the death area of manmade Elaeagnus angustifolia woods is 135 thousand mu.

方案三，将石羊河来水量设计接近在20世纪80年代的平均水准，上游地区通过节约用水，是可以实现的目标。

The S type of CMS is a gametic sterility type, and its pollen sterility was considered to be associated with the expression of R region in the mitochondria.

其中两个含有完整R区的BamHI片断已被克隆测序，结果表明在这两个片断中cox1和cox2分别位于R区上游，但与之位于不同的极性单链上。

In arid climates, surface water is generally better than ground water in headwater areas, but poorer downstream.

在干旱气候的上游区，地表水一般较地下水好，但下游的地表较差。

Recent two years,investigations have discovered that placer gold conceatrated in one class water system of Changjiang headwater.

近2年来，经地质调查和研究发现在长江上游一级水系中富集有砂金矿。

However,this problem can be solved with the upper-stage method and good results have been achieved in practice, which will provide reference for the hydrometric stations in same condition.

为解决这一问题，在高道站上游未受回水影响的12.8km处设立了高道站，作为高道站的低水流量测验断面，兼有水位观测项目。

Further analysis on the pyrogenic PAHs of the Huangpu River sediments discovered two major sources of vehicular exhaust and coal combustion, the contributions of which were quantified as 30% and 27%, respectively.

黄浦江流经上海市区，以燃烧源PAHs污染为主，在不同河段具有不同类型的燃烧源，上游河段PAHs污染主要源于草本植物、木材和煤的不完全燃烧，中下游河段PAHs污染主要来源于油类的燃烧。

By so doing, the Americans would arrive at the Roer upstream from the dams and thus, once across the river, be free to advance over the Cologne Plain to the Rhine without danger of controlled flooding.

通过如此运动，美军可抵达罗尔河上游水坝，一旦通过河流，就可以自由驰骋在科隆平原，奔向莱茵河，而避免人为洪水泛滥造成的危险。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷