在...上长叶

This paper extracted and analysed 11Math-Mophological Features such as Area, Perimeter, X-Length, Y-Length, Shape-Parameter, Lobation, Sphericity, Circularity, Roundness, Eccentricity and HoleNumber. Based on 40 species of insects which belonging to 8 Orders, 25 Families. And then ranks the accountability of 11 features each in insect identification while assessing their implication to insect taxonomy on levels of Order, Superfamily, Family and Species. More than those, also describes the kinship among the insects of various categories within the same level from the perspective of mathematical morphology through cluster analyses.

论文对隶属于8个目25科的40种昆虫利用计算机视觉技术进行了自动鉴别研究，从昆虫图像中提取和分析了这些昆虫的面积、周长、横轴长、纵轴长、形状参数、叶状性、球状性、圆形性、似圆度、偏心率、亮斑数等11项数学形态特征，并分别探讨了在目、总科、科及种分类阶元上这些数学特征在昆虫分类中的应用可能性和可靠性，利用聚类分析从数学形态学角度对所涉及到的同阶元昆虫类群的亲缘关系做了描述。

Basal and lowermost cauline leaves compound, 5-9-foliolate; petiole (3-)8-15(-20) cm; leaflets broadly oblong, ovate, or lanceolate,(2-)4-7(-10)×(1-)2-3(-4) cm, base oblique, cuneate, or subtruncate, margin coarsely serrate with a distinct mucro at tooth apex, apex obtusely acuminate with a distinct mucro; petiolule 1-5(-20) mm. Upper cauline leaves 3- or 5-foliolate, becoming gradually smaller and narrower upward.

基部和最下的茎生叶复合，5-9具小叶；叶柄(3-)8-15(-20)厘米；小叶宽长圆形，卵形，或披针形，( 2-)4-7(-10)*(1-)2-3(-4)厘米，基部偏斜，楔形，或近截形，有粗锯齿的边缘具离生短尖头钝在齿先端，先端时候渐尖具离生短尖头；小叶柄1-5(-20)上面的毫米茎生叶3-或者具5小叶，向上变得逐渐更小和更狭窄。

F. pumila had the strongest capacity to adhere to walls, and it formed a quite good covering landscape by means of a large quantity of adventitious roots. Furthermore, it was tolerant to shade, and the effects of shading on its growth and landscape covering were very small. P. heterophylla had the rapidest growth and covering speed, and it adhered to walls by adhesive discs, but was defoliated in winter or after a long period of shading. The other three vines climbed walls using adventitious roots, and their adhering capacities were all relatively poor. However, E. fortunei still formed a relatively good covering due to its rapid growth and emerald leaf colour. After shading for four months, leaves of F, pumila, C. grandiflora, and P. serpens became thin, and accordingly their leaf weight per unit area significantly decreased. Shading also reduced chlorophyll contents of C. grandiflora and E. fortunei but enhanced those of F. pumila and P. serpens, It did not influence leaf thickness, leaf weight or chlorophyll content of P. heterophylla. Whether shaded or not, the relationship between Pn and PAR for each species could be expressed as y=alnx+b, and furthermore there was a significant (P.01) correlation between them. Pn and LCP values for all five lianas also significant (P.01) correlated. Shading reduced LCP values of P. heterophylla, C. grandiflora and E. fortunei but increased LSP of F. pumila.

结果表明，1薛荔对墙体附着力最强，它依靠大量的不定根吸固在墙体上，形成很好的覆盖效果，而且薜荔耐荫，遮光对其生长与覆盖的影响很小；爬墙虎的生长与覆盖速度最快，它主要依靠吸盘吸固墙壁，但在冬季或长时间遮光后出现明显落叶现象，影响其覆盖景观；其他3种都依靠不定根沿墙面攀援，附着力相对较差，但扶芳藤由于生长较快，叶色终年保持翠绿，也能形成相对较好的覆盖效果；2遮光4个月后，薛荔、凌霄和蔓九节的叶片变薄，相应地这3种植物单位面积的叶片重量都显著减轻；遮光还使凌霄和扶芳藤的叶绿素含量减少，使薛荔和蔓九节的增加，但对爬墙虎的叶片厚度、叶重和叶绿素含量都不产生明显影响；3无论遮光与否，5种植物的Pn与PAR之间的关系都可用y=alnx+b表示，并且都达极显著相关，Pn与光补偿点之间亦呈极显著相关；遮光还使爬墙虎、凌霄和扶芳藤的LCP下降，并使薛荔的光饱和点升高。

The leaf color and leaf fabric, figure and capability of water utilization of the clone Changlin 4 made it more suitable to environment of higher temperature droughty and stronger radialization.

生理特征分析表明，长林4号在叶片构造和叶水分利用状况等方面的生理特征支持上述结论；长林4号在幼龄期光合特性上具有比较优良的种质优势。

Leaves arising from rhizome, simple, alternate, floating, emersed, or submersed, long petiolate but short petiolate on submersed vernal ones; leaf blade undivided, usually with a basal sinus, often peltate.

单叶着生于根状茎，互生，漂浮，挺水，或沉水，有长叶柄但是在春季的沉水叶上为短叶柄；叶片不分裂，通常基部有凹缺，通常盾形。

Long branch is rufous, show "" the glyph bends, smooth, have stipular thorn or not apparent; Short branch is born in the each other on the long branch of biennial above; Fall off sexual rod is finer, without bud, bunch is born on short branch, after autumn and foliaceous all fall.

长枝红褐色，呈&之&字形弯曲，光滑，有托叶刺或不明显；短枝在二年生以上的长枝上互生；脱落性小枝较纤细，无芽，簇生于短枝上，秋后与叶俱落。

Leaves deciduous; petiole 3-4 cm, nearly glabrous; leaf blade ovate or ovate-oblong, 9-13 × ca. 8 cm, papery, abaxially densely rufous pubescent on veins, adaxially glabrous, base subcordate, margin doubly serrulate with adpressed acute teeth, 3-lobed; middle lobes triangular-ovate, apex acuminate; lateral lobes in upper part of blade, much shorter and apex acute.

叶脱落 叶柄3-4厘米，近无毛；叶片卵形的或卵状长圆形， 9-13 *长约8厘米，纸质，密被红棕色短柔毛在脉上，正面无毛，基部近心形，边缘重细锯齿具紧贴锐尖齿，3裂；三角状心形的中间裂片，先端渐尖；叶片的侧的裂片在上半部分，很多短和先端锐尖。

A composite rigid shell, with an aerodynamic profile, elongated longitudinally along the span of the blade, one longitudinal end of which is turnable towards a hub of the rotor and includes a blade root, said shell including at least one layer of reinforcing fibres agglomerated by a matrix comprising a synthetic rigidifying resin and laminated upper-surface and lower-surface skins extending from a leading edge to a trailing edge of the blade, each of said laminated skins comprising, from an inside towards an outside of the shell, a film of polyetherimide resin, at least one layer of plies of long and unidirectional fibres oriented substantially along a longitudinal axis of the blade, and at least one layer of fibre fabric, in which the directions of weft and warp yarns are oriented substantially at 45.degree.

复合刚性外壳，与气动的个人资料，拉长纵向沿跨度刀片，一纵年底，这是对回转中心的转子和包括叶根表示，蚬壳，其中至少1层加固纤维烧结由一个矩阵组成的一个综合rigidifying树脂和复合材料层合上表面和低表面皮肤延长，从领先到尾缘的刀片，每个说，叠层皮组成，从内对外界的壳，一个电影聚醚酰亚胺树脂，至少有一个层的层长和单向纤维导向的大幅沿长轴的叶片，并至少有一个层的纤维织物，在该方向的纬纱和经纱是面向大幅在45.degree 。

Leaves are generally semi-evergreen, made up of 3-9 lanceolate or ovate leaflets that are deep green during the growth period, and change color to purple-green in autumn. Flowers of 5-10 cm across are set singly on long stems (10-15 cm) growing out of leaf axils. They comprise 4 to 8 oval, slightly wavy edged tepals which are creamy white and have a pale green central bar on the outer side. In autumn flowers turn slightly greenish.The striking appearance of the blooms is due to its unusually long contrasting stamens consisting of deep crimson-purple, almost black anthers set on filaments that are white at the base and violet at the top.

茎细长，有明显的纵条纹，茎长能达2米，靠叶茎攀爬在附着物上生存，叶对生，3-9个毛尖形或卵圆形叶片，叶片在生长期是深绿色，秋天变为紫红色，花朵直径5-10cm，在10-15cm长的叶腋处伸出，有4-8个卵形或圆形的微小苞片，苞片微微卷起，淡黄色，外面有浅绿色中心状条纹，秋天花朵变成浅黄绿色，花朵迷人魅力在于从深红色到深紫色一系列花色组成的雄蕊，深黑紫色的花药，由一些美丽的花丝组成，这些花丝的底部是白色，顶部是紫罗兰色，基部是白色。

The body has drum mixed with four leaves, stirring with a good performance out of the concrete mix to make a more uniform 2: mixed leaves on a mixed open hole to raise the quality of concrete mixing; 3 ----- sealed tube was funnel shape, Large caliber to ensure a smooth feed: 4: Lo leaves were added to the top surface wear protection, to extend the service life of the leaves, 5 leaves on a few large rectangle-shaped hole and the hole in the concrete to reduce the adhesion of the leaves; 6 : Mixing cylinder B520JJ optional alloy steel materials, wear resistant materials; 7 from the first block plate spinning, 8: ZG35 stirring drum track using the material, casting molding.

筒体内有四块拌叶、具有良好的搅拌性能，使拌出的混凝土更加均匀2：拌叶上开有拌孔能提高混凝土搅拌质量；3密封管-----呈漏斗形状，口径大能确保顺利进料：4：螺叶片呈曲面顶端加防护耐磨条，延长叶片使用寿命，5叶片上有几个圆孔及长方钜形孔减少混凝土在叶片上的粘附； 6：搅拌筒体材料选用B520JJ合金钢、抗耐磨材质；7封头由整块钢板旋压成型，8：搅拌筒轨道采用ZG35材质，经铸造成型。9：搅拌筒壳体各部件由高强度及高耐磨材质制作而成。10：搅拌筒整体焊接采用自动埋弧焊技术。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。