土耳其

After the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453, they recognized the ecumenical patriarch of that city as both the religious and the political spokesman for the entire Christian population of the Turkish empire.

之后，鄂图曼土耳其人征服君士坦丁堡在1453年，他们认识到普世宗主教认为，作为两个城市的宗教和政治发言人为整个基督教人口的土耳其帝国。

The underlying reasons were long term, part of the so-called Eastern Question - the disintegration of the Turkish Empire, which stretched from the Alps to Egypt.

支持土耳其并最终对俄宣战；长期的利益驱使下，维护其远东以及地中海的利益，进一步服从当时全球战略角度上来看；如果土耳其这个昔日的帝国崩溃了，那就意味着从阿尔卑斯山脉到埃及这一线将会被俄国渗透！

The declining Turkish Empire was further weakened at the turn of the 20th century. Balkan countries were ready to take advantage of the situation to drive the Turks out of Europe. Two Balkan Wars broke out.

二十世纪初叶，没落中的土耳其帝国进一步积弱，巴尔干国家准备趁此局势从中得益，把土耳其人赶出欧洲，两次巴尔干战争就此爆发。

From late 1940"s, the Soviet Union posed a serious threat to Turkey. During the Turkish Straits Crisis, The U.S. protected Turkey from the Soviet Union"s threat and declared The Truman Doctrine which offered Turkey a great deal of economic and military aid. In 1952 Turkey was admitted to NATO, so the strategic relationship of U.S.-Turkey Alliance was set up.

苏土关系的急剧恶化使得土耳其无法继续奉行战时的中立政策，在这场区域性的土耳其海峡危机中，美国出台了注入独特外交的&杜鲁门主义&促使两个实力相差悬殊、发展不平衡的国家迅速建立起了战略同盟关系。

Because there was no railroad linking the coal mines of eastern Turkey with Constantinople, the Russian fleet attacks on the Turkish coal ships caused the Ottoman government much hardship. In 1916, in a model combined Army-Navy assault, the Russian Black Sea fleet helped the Russian army to take the Ottoman city of Trebizond.

因为在土耳其东部与君士坦丁堡之间没有铁路连接的煤矿，俄罗斯舰队袭击土耳其煤炭船舶，造成了奥斯曼政F的许多困难。1916年，在一个海陆联合进攻战役中，俄罗斯黑海舰队帮助俄罗斯军队攻占奥斯曼城市特拉比松。

Ebubekir Keskin, a 37-year-old Turkish businessman who settled in Douala, Cameroon, three years ago, swaps Turkish-made pasta for local timber.

Ebubekir Keskin是一位37岁的土耳其商人，他在3年前来到喀麦隆的杜阿拉，用土耳其式意面来交换当地的木材。

The Turks and the Iraqi Kurds are setting aside their quarrels. Turkey now imports oil from Iraqi Kurdish fields. It plans to open its first consulate in Erbil, the regional capital.

土耳其人和伊拉克的库尔德人暂时撇开了他们的争吵，土耳其目前应经开始从伊拉克库尔德地区进口石油，并计划在地区的首付埃尔比勒设立第一个领事馆。

SPEAKING OUT: Turkey's Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan addressed the media as he sat in front of a portrait of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder of secular Turkey, in Ankara on Tuesday.

直言：土耳其总理埃尔多安向媒体发表声明，他在一个穆斯塔法凯末尔，土耳其的世俗的创始人，在安卡拉像前坐在周二。

The warning comes a week after a Turkish court ordered the blocking of YouTube to silence offensive comments about Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, marking the most visible attack yet on a website that has been widely adopted around the world.

一周前，一家土耳其法院勒令屏蔽YouTube，以平息针对现代土耳其创始人穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔图尔克的攻击性言论。这是迄今针对一个已在全球广泛开通的网站进行的最为引人注目的攻击。

Mustafa Kemal, the brilliant general who smashed the Greeks in 1922 and created modern Turkey, might in theory have renounced all the deeds of the Ottoman era—given that the republic he proclaimed was supposed to mark a rupture with the past.

穆斯塔法·凯末尔（Mustafa Kemal，后被授予土耳其国父之称）是一名杰出的将军，曾于1922年击退希腊军，建立了现代土耳其。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。