土的

The preparation of polymer/montmorillonite intercalation composite materials has been studied by applying two kinds of photo polymerization reaction (photo acid generation and photo radical generation)in this work.

用小角X光衍射技术对产物内蒙脱土的结构进行表征，结果表明，蒙脱土经改性后能很好地使聚合单体及预聚物插入黏土层内并在光照下"就地"聚合生成光聚合复合材料。

It means that the Bentonite of Jianyang can't be used directly and its economic benefit is unapparent.

要提高膨润土的利用价值，就要在改型研究基础上，对膨润土进行深加工。

The characteristics of gravelly soil are understood entirely and the construction method and experience are found out through construction.

通过在施工中探索，全面了解砾石土的特性，摸索出砾石土施工方法和经验。

K. H. Roscoe and his fellows of Cambridge University established the first elastoplastic model of soils which is based on classical plastic theory in 1963. However, due to the complexity of soils, the models that based on the classical metal constitutive theory or its modification accounting on the nature of soils have still much limitation when used to express the soil mechanical behavior. For example, the Duncan-Chang's model based on the generalized Hooke's law can not express the dilatancy of the soils. The uniqueness assumption of the direction of the incremental plastic strain in the classical plastic constitutive theory is not in agreement with some soil experiments.

但由于土的复杂性，目前以传统的本构理论为基础考虑土的一些特性而建立的模型在反映土体的力学特性上还存在很大的局限性，如建立于广义虎克定律基础上的Duncan—Chang模型不能反映土的剪胀性，传统的塑性本构理论中认为塑性应变增量方向具有唯一性的假设与一些土体的试验结果不符合。

The main results of the study are obtained as follows:1 In order to analyze and study the physical and mechanical characteristics of Lianyungang marine soft clay deeply, large numbers of basic mechanical characteristics tests and tri-axial shear tests are completed.2 In order to investigate the loaded and failure characteristics of the cement-soil, the cement-soils for the different ratio and different cure time are studied in the laboratory, and their unconfined compression tests and tri-axial shear tests are performed.3 Based on the solution of one-dimension consolidation, the one-dimension consolidation of the double-layered foundation is solved for two-grade loading in virtue of transcendental equation; Simultaneously, the one-dimension consolidation of the double-layered foundation is solved by means of Laplace transform for two-grade loading, and Stehfest numerical transform is applied in Laplace's inverse transformation; Furthermore, according to the practical foundation shapes, the consolidation models of the soil between piles and the substratum are built and solved respectively.4 The effect of each parameters on the consolidation of the double-layered foundation is discussed, and the solution of load transfer method for double-layered foundation is applied in A1-A4 section of Lian-Xu expressway. The results of calculating settlement of the double-layered consolidation theory are basic agreement with the measuring settlement results.

取得了以下几方面的研究成果：1针对连云港海相软土进行一维固结和三轴剪切试验，深入分析连云港海相软土的物理力学特性。2模拟水泥土搅拌桩施工，在室内制备不同配比、不同龄期的水泥土试样，并进行无侧限抗压试验和三轴剪切试验，揭示水泥土的受力特性及破坏特性。3运用超越方程，以双层地基一维固结解析解为基础，推导出二级加荷条件下双层地基的固结解析解；同时，通过荷载传递法并借助Laplace变换对双层地基的固结问题进行了数值求解；此外，根据实际的地基结构，建立了桩间土和下卧层的固结模型并分别进行求解分析。4分析探讨了双层地基中各参数对双层地基固结的影响程度，并运用荷载传递法的解答计算了连-徐高速公路A1-A4标水泥土搅拌桩处理段的六个断面，计算结果与实测数据有较好的一致性。

In order to prepare bismaleimide/montmorillonite nanocomposites with high performance, Na-montmorillonite was modified with allyl-tri-phenyl phosphonium bromide via ion-exchange method.

通过离子交换法将烯丙基三苯基溴化交换到钠基蒙脱土的层间制备改性蒙脱土。

Through the comparative analysis of the earth pressure calculated by the different calculation methods, it is known that when the earth pressure behind the abutment of the integral abutment bridge under the action of rising temperatures is calculated, it is not proper to use the m method to calculate the resistance coefficients of the abutment back wall and column earth while the resistance coefficient of the abutment back wall earth can be calculated by the Broms method. It is proper that the resistance coefficients of the earth of the abutment and pier piles should be considered by the p-y curve.

通过对不同方法计算的台后土压力的对比分析，得知：在计算升温引起的整体式桥台桥梁台后土压力时，桥台背墙及台柱土的水平抗力系数计算采用m法是不适合的；桥台背墙后填土的水平抗力系数可采用Broms法计算；土对台桩及墩桩侧的水平抗力系数按p-y曲线来考虑是适合的。

Based on Mononobe-Okabe＇s postulation and the reasonable consideration for the restricted pore water, a first-order differential equation of the dynamic active earth pressure on rigid retaining walls with submerged backfills in the traaslational movement mode under earthquake loads is set up by using the method of level-layer analysis.

基于Mononobe-Okabe假定，在合理考虑土体孔隙中受限水含量的基础上，利用水平层分析法推导了填土中有地下水时刚性挡土墙平移模式下的动主动土压力强度的一阶微分方程，并求得非线性分布解：探讨了地下水位、受限水含量、填土的内摩擦角、墙背的摩擦角和地震系数等参数对土压力强度分布、合力作用点高度以及倾覆力矩的影响。

A series combined test method tests were performed to determine the liquid-plastic limits of different samples of fine grained soil and silty sand. The result showed that the loglog relationship between the depth of penetration of fall cone and the water content of some samples were clearly not linear, and the liquid-plastic limit could not be obtained according to the linear relation. Effective test data could not be measured within the three arranges of water contents proposed by the present standards. The dependability was necessary to discuss about the liquid-plastic limit test results obtained from three arranges.

采用液、塑限联合测定法针对部分细粒土和粉砂进行液、塑限测定时，发现对于部分细粒土在双对数坐标上圆锥下沉深度与含水率之间的关系并非线性关系，无法依据线性关系确定液、塑限：采用规程建议的三个含水率范围有时根本无法获得有效试验数据；采用规程建议的三个含水率范围确定得到土的液、塑限试验结果的可靠性有待商榷；采用直线段试验数据确定的液、塑限进行分类可能出现相互矛盾甚至错误的结果。

The predictions are performed on the test results obtained by the previous compression tests and published in the literature by Zhan and Ng (2006), which include the swelling tests under constant net stresses, isotropic compression tests and triaxial shear tests under constant suctions. The comparisons between measured and predicted results indicate that the model can quantitatively predict the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated expansive soils.

利用本模型对本论文中膨润土与砂混合物的吸湿试验及常吸力下的压缩试验结果进行了预测，还对詹良通和吴宏伟(2006)进行的吸力控制的非饱和膨胀土三轴试验结果进行了预测，预测结果表明本模型能够定量的统一的描述膨胀性非饱和土的水力特性和力学性质。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。