土的

The safety margin of every slice is assumed to be normal distribution and the safety margin of two next slices is bivariate normal distribution.

将滑动面上的土体按等弧长划分为n个土条，假设每个土条的安全余量服从正态分布，相邻两个土条的安全余量则服从二元正态分布，根据土条破坏传播的概率，计算土坡渐进破坏的概率以及土坡中裂缝开展长度的期望值，并对算例的结果进行了讨论。

The dosage and type of clay were the main influence factors of the chroma and turbidity of the lubricating oil.

正交试验结果表明白土用量和白土类型分别是影响白土吸附后润滑油的色度和浊度的主要因素。

Because of the uncertainty of indexes in the process of classifying solonchak soil,the entropy value theory is applied to combining the traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for salt-affected soil classification.

针对盐渍土分类中客观存在的模糊性与随机性，将信息论中的熵值理论引入盐渍土综合评价中，运用信息熵所反映数据本身的效用值计算盐渍土评价中各指标的权值，使得权值的分配有了一定的理论依据，并结合传统的模糊综合评判法对盐渍土做出评价。

The stable or unstable state of the montmorillonite-water dispersion is mainly effected by the properties of montmorillonite, water, and stabilizers as well as their interactions, while the type, the structure, the properties and the concentration of the stabilizer play dominate roles. Based on the molecular designing clues, this research selected three sulfonated copolymers as the stabilizers, i.e. the sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1propane sulfonate /acrylamide /disodium itaconate terpolymer, the AMPS/AM/N-vinyl pyrrolidone terpolymer and the sodium styrenesulfonate /IA copolymer. The preparation and characterization of the sulfonated copolymers were discussed, the high-temperature stability of the montmorillonitewater dispersion was characterized with the rheology, the filtration, the particle size distribution, the electrostatic properties, and the adorption of the sulfonated copolymers onto montmorillonite particles. At the same time, a systematic mechanism of the hightemperature stabilization of the dispersion was presented.

本文构筑了分子设计的思路，选取AMPS(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠)/AM/IA三元共聚物、AMPS/AM/NVP三元共聚物和SSA/IA二元共聚物等三种磺化共聚物作为蒙脱土-水分散体系的高温稳定剂，进行了磺化共聚物稳定剂的制备与表征；从流变学、滤失性能、粒度分布、电性质以及磺化共聚物在蒙脱土上的吸附作用等方面，对蒙脱土-水分散体系的高温稳定性进行了研究，考察了蒙脱土-水分散体系的高温稳定性能，同时提出了高温稳定机理。

Based on the results of the large-size shaking table test of a subway station structure built in liquable site,considering the influence of the soil-structure nonlinear dynamic interaction by 2D finite element methods,the seismic responses of the soil- subway station structure system under different test conditions are analyzed by using ABAQUS software.

根据可液化土层上土-地铁车站结构动力相互作用大型振动台模型试验结果，以软件ABAQUS为平台，将地基土-地铁车站结构体系视为平面应变问题，采用记忆型嵌套面黏塑性动力本构模型模拟土体的动力特性，采用混凝土动塑性损伤模型模拟车站结构混凝土的动力特性，建立了土-地铁车站结构非线性动力相互作用的有限元分析模型，对各种试验工况下地基土-地铁车站结构体系的地震反应进行了数值模拟，并与试验结果进行了对比，结果表明：数值模拟与振动台模型试验结果基本一致，体现出了相似的规律性，相互印证了计算分析的力学建模和振动台试验结果的正确性。

The study on spatial distribution of the density of longevous people of Rugao County, Jiangsu Province, shows that the over-90 rate (number of people over 90 years old per 100000 in population) is high in some areas.

对江苏省如皋市长寿人口的空间分布研究表明，如皋市90岁以上长寿人口比率的空间分布具有地域聚集特徵，比率较高的区域分布在北部－东部－东南部发育较强的壤质雏形土和人为土上，在中西部的砂质雏形土和南部弱发育的年轻壤质－粘质雏形土上，比例较低。

This paper conducts comprehensive and in-depth research on the determination of unsaturated permeability coefficient and water-air flow during ponding infiltration by experiment research and theory research. The research is reduced as the following:(1) In this paper, in terms of the shortage of the current apparatus of water permeability for unsaturated soils, the new unsaturated steady seepage apparatus for measurements of unsaturated permeability coefficient has been developed based on improvement and amendment on original apparatus.

主要研究成果如下：(1)本文从非饱和土渗透特性研究的需要出发，针对目前研制的非饱和土渗透仪的不足，根据非饱和土稳态渗流试验装置量测非饱和渗透系数的主要特点及存在的问题，提出了新型非饱和土稳态渗流试验装置研制开发的整体思路，完成了重要内容的研制。

The question of ruined earth pressure cell in test is solved,and the contact pressure between soil and pile is found out by the numerical simulation and distributing law of earth pressure.

通过数值模拟，解决试验中土压力盒损坏的问题，得到地震动激励下桩–土接触压力峰值的数据，并由此分析桩–土接触压力的大小及其分布规律，提出桩基上的支盘是基础减振的主要构件，并承受动荷载，减轻地震波对上部结构的冲击力，同时消耗上部结构反馈给基础的振动能量。承台和桩基两侧的土压力时程曲线呈反向关系，说明基础在同一时间一侧受压，另一侧受拉。

The law of factors' affecting degree, which influences the parameters between geogrids and soils in the pulling-out procedure, is obtained. With the concept of 'equivalent pull-out displacement' brought forward, the whole process of pull out tests is divided into two process-" main process (when x 1.0)" and "residual process (when x 1.0)", and three stages-static friction resistance stage, slip friction resistance stage, and residual friction resistance stage.2 The value of friction coefficient between reinforcement and soil varies with their definitions of friction, but each factor' s affecting degree influencing friction pa

将模糊控制理论引入了岩土工程过程分析，考虑影响因素影响程度的变化及其规律，提出了一套可供岩土工程过程分析中参数选择的分析方法，并在筋土界面相互作用参数选取的拉拔试验过程控制中获得实施，为应用有限元法对加筋土结构进行过程中南大学博士论文摘要分析提供了参数选择的新方法；将模糊聚类分析方法应用于加筋土陡边坡状态评定，并提出侧向位移可作为加筋土边坡状态评定的量化指标，而不同类型边坡的侧向位移允许控制值可仿效此法结合工程经验确定。

In this way, the simulation of actualseepage fields in complicated site and construction conditions were made in order tohave a deep view of the general rules of seepages in earth dam, and illuminate laws ofmain physical quantities.

通过土坝渗流场的三维非稳定分析，以期达到对土坝渗流场实际复杂情况的模拟，比较理想地反映不同时段的土坝渗流场中等势线、流速矢量、无压渗流场自由面以及流量等渗流要素在不同条件下的变化规律，从而在一定程度上弥补过去对土坝渗流场研究的不足。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。