土的

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

It is concluded that, first, geochemical data of the surface soils can clearly distinguish two kind of soils, that is, juvenile soils, for example, purple soils, which inherits most geochemical characteristics of the parent rocks or materials, and anthropic soils, the geochemical characteristics of which have been greatly changed as the results of intensive impact from variety of agricultural uses. Second, different soils have typical indicator elements association respectively due to different parent rocks or materials and utilization, such as purple soils, yellow soils (low alkali and alkaline-earth metal contents and pH value), paddy soils (high organic element and heavy metal elements contents) and fluvo-aquic soils (high rock-forming accessory mineral elements contents) and so on. Consequently, it can be suggested that elements association is an important indicator for two key factors (parent materials and anthropic activities) of soil classification. Third, some differences exist between soil genesic classification and result of cluster analysis, because geochemical characteristics of surface soils can not completely represent the foundation applying to soil genesic classification, that is, condition and process of soil-forming, and soil property.

结果表明：浅层土壤的地球化学数据能较好地用来区分两类土壤，即紫色土一类的幼年土壤（在很大程度上继承了母岩、母质的地球化学特征）和受强烈人为活动水耕、早耕熟化的土壤（外来物质的不断加人显著地改变了浅层土壤原有的地球化学性质）；(2)各类土壤因母岩母质和利用方式不同，各具明显的标志性元素组合特征，如紫色土、黄壤（低碱和碱土金属元素和pH值）、水稻土（高有机元素、肥料元素和重金属元素）和潮土等，因此，这些元素组合是土壤分类两个要素的重要参照系；(3)浅层土壤的地球化学特征不可能完整地体现成土条件、成土过程和土壤属性这三个发生分类依据，因此，聚类分析结果与发生类型之间存在一定的差异。

This study will assess elementarily the security and effectiveness of The root and leaf of Panicled Fameflower through the experimental studies on their pharmacodynamics and acute toxicology, provid possibly theorems and experimental foundations for Panicled Fameflower' s edibleness, planting and study.

本课题通过土人参根、叶的药效和急性毒性实验研究，对土人参根、叶治疗"脾虚"证、土人参叶"解毒消痈"的疗效和部分作用机制做出初步评价、并取得土人参根、叶急性毒性数据，为保健中药蔬菜土人参的食用提供客观的药效学和急性毒性的实验依据，以促其进一步推广应用、种植、研究。

Use this integral method advance precision and efficiency of calculation process.Compiles the program in Visual C++ language. The impacts of timbering parameter on soil nailing stability and optimization soil-nailed length are analyzed. This paper could be used in the projects.

编制了相应的土钉长度优化程序，分析了土钉各设计参数对土钉支护稳定性的影响和对程序得出的土钉长度的影响，为指导土钉支护在实际工程中的设计应用提供了依据。

This study will assess elementarily the security and effectiveness of The root and leaf of Panicled Fameflower through the experimental studies on their pharmacodynamics and acute toxicology, provid possibly theorems and experimental foundations for Panicled Fameflower' s edibleness, planting and study.

本课题通过土人参根、叶的药效和急性毒性实验研究，对土人参根、叶治疗&脾虚&证、土人参叶&解毒消痈&的疗效和部分作用机制做出初步评价、并取得土人参根、叶急性毒性数据，为保健中药蔬菜土人参的食用提供客观的药效学和急性毒性的实验依据，以促其进一步推广应用、种植、研究。

So,in this thesis,with regard to the stability and deformation of composite soil-nailing in soft clay foundation pit, the studies listed below were carried out, considering current research and design status of the soil nailed retaining structure. 1 Based on the use of leading pile with soil nailing protection, studied the work mechanism of mini-pile with composite soil-nailing, the model of stability analysis of the composite soil-nailing is established and examined by analysis engineering case.

因此本文鉴于软粘土地区深基坑工程土钉支护结构的研究及设计现状，在前人研究的基础上，就复合土钉支护软粘土基坑的稳定性和变形展开相应的专题研究，主要完成了以下几个方面的工作： 1针对软土条件超前桩的应用，研究了桩加土钉的复合土钉支护机理，建立了复合土钉支护稳定性分析模型和计算公式，并对工程实例进行计算分析，检验了模型。

To validate the above conclusion, a series of mixture tests were performed and different samples were made by mixing each of three kinds of nature silt and the nature clay with different mixture ratio. The liquid-plastic limits of all the samples, in which the clay particles content were between the nature silt and the nature clay, were attained using the combined test method. The results showed that the lowest clay particles content of the silt, when it was suitable with the combined test method, is 12% to 15% with little differences. If the point of 3～4mm depth of penetration of fall cone exist, and the loglog relationship between the depth of penetration of fall cone and the water content of all the points were clearly linear, it could be concluded that the clay particles content of the sample is over the lowest value when the combined test was suitable.

3其后为了进一步验证所得结论，针对三种粉土，分别与一种黏粒含量较大的天然黏土进行多种组合的配比试验，配比后的土样其黏粒含量均介于原粉土与原黏土之间，并对各种配比后土样进行联合测定法确定液、塑限的试验研究，得出各种土对联合测定法适用的最低黏粒含量限值因粒径组成不同、矿物组成不同等因素，存在微小差异，在12%到15%之间；当圆锥下沉深度在3～4mm之间的试验点存在，且与其他试验点之间能形成良好的双对数直线关系，即认为土中黏粒含量超过该土对联合测定法适用的最低限值，联合测定法适用。

You could easely leave your child with him and you can be assured that the Tosa will take good care of him.

第二 土佐作为斗犬，对其他狗的攻击都是很猛的，不能与其他犬种共存，当然了公土佐也不能和公土佐共存，最好家养的时候出了土佐其他的什么动物都不要再养了，不过不排除你可以养一只公土和一只母土哦。

Based on the indoor model test s, this paper makes a qualitative analysis about the variation rules of the soil stress on the holding sheet.

以重庆地区常见的桩锚支挡结构体系挡板上土压力为研究对象，采用室内模型试验方法，定性的分析了挡板上土压力分布规律，并将其与经典土压力理论计算结果作对比，从而指出了经典土压力理论在桩锚支挡结构体系挡板土压力计算中的不适用

This paper studies the soil stress on the holding sheet between the pile-anchor erecting columns of the pile-anchor holding block structure system often used in Chongqing.

以重庆地区常见的桩锚支挡结构体系挡板上土压力为研究对象，采用室内模型试验方法，定性的分析了挡板上土压力分布规律，并将其与经典土压力理论计算结果作对比，从而指出了经典土压力理论在桩锚支挡结构体系挡板土压力计算中的不适用

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。