土流

In this paper, two types of transport models widely used for water and salinity in soils are introduced; one is physical models, which include convection-dispersion Equation, stream tube model and HYDRUS developed by US Salinity Laboratory. At the same time, the parameter research is related to physical models. Another is system models, such as Transfer Function Model and BP-Network model. The resemblances and the differences among these modeling are compared and analyzed.

介绍了国内外目前应用较为广泛的几种水盐运移模型，包括对流－弥散模型、流管模型和美国国家盐渍土改良中心开发的HYDRUS模型等3种物理模型以及相关的模型参数研究；两种系统模型：传递函数模型和BP人工神经网络模型。

We will have focal point study for moving and fixing grid law etc., have the application to the free surface search of he impressure influent fields.

应用有限元对土石坝的二维稳定渗流进行了分析，选取变分原理和插值函数进行，建立了有限元方程组。

This article mainly explains the safety principium of infectant factors in waste water vented by the paper making industry in China. Through the study on the experiment in open country and indoors with soil pole, indicating that it is a complicated process of biochemical degradation to form a layer, which has a biochemical capability to process COD degradation in polluted water from paper making industry.

综述我国造纸业污水中的污染因子危及地下水水质安全的机理，通过对野外试验和室内土柱试验的过程及结果进行分析研究，表明在包气带中形成一个以生物化学作用为主的生化层在造纸污水中COD降解是一个复杂的生物化学降解过程；生化层在天然状态下形成，由生物氧化带和生物氧化还原带形成，其形成过程具有明显的阶段性；只有当生物氧化还原带形成后，生化层才发育成熟，具备对COD降解的生化能力；生化层空间分布，仅局限在污水池、渠底部包气带中有垂向渗流的部分。

The research of influent problem of earth-stone dam has important theoretical meaning and project application value.

土石坝的渗流问题研究具有重要的理论意义与工程应用价值。

The permeability of a soil is important for calculations of underground flow.

土的渗透性对于地下液流的计算很为重要。

Before preloading, a lot of extensometers, inclinometers, piezometer tips and settlement plates were installed. The deformation and pore pressure of ground were observed during preloading; Three years'creep settlements were monitored under the maximum preloading load so as to provide the field data for the new model.

预压前在地基中埋设了沉降标、深层沉降管、测斜管、孔隙水压力计等土工观测仪器，堆土预压过程中对地基的变形和孔隙水压力进行全面观测，以及预压后长达3年的流变观测，为模型的工程验证提供了实测资料。

Rhyolite is an igneous rock, rich in silica.

流纹岩是火成岩，富有在硅土里。

The soil infiltrability is influenced by slopes and soil circumstances in field and the Linear Run-on Method was used to measure soil infiltrability in the field.

为分析坡度和土壤环境对土镶入渗性能的影响，采用线源入流测量法对田间土壤的入渗性能进行试验研究。

The stability analysis for the seepage is one of the most important steps in the design of rock-fill dam.

渗流稳定分析是土石坝设计中的关键环节。

The mechanical behavior of Shape Memory Alloys material is tested, and the constitutive model of the SMA is established. A kind of SMA combined rubber isolator is developed, and the isolation effect of the SMA combined rubber isolator for long-span bridge and tall building structures is numerically simulated, from which the adaptive isolation performance and the self-restoring capacity of the SMA combined rubber isolator are verified. A kind of SMA damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the SMA damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the SMA damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the SMA damper for the long-span bridge are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge using the SMA damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. The MRF-04K type magnetorheological damper is developed, the mechanical behavior of the MR damper is tested, and the model of restoring force of the MR damper is established. The theory and method of adaptive control based on the MR damper for the long-span bridge and tall building structures are built, and the effectiveness and reliability of the adaptive control for the long-span bridge and tall building structures using the MR damper are verified through numerical simulation and model test. In addition, the theory and method of sub-structural damage identification for long-span bridge are derived, the influence of soil-structure dynamic interaction on the seismic isolation and control effects with different isolation and control measures and the damage responses and the sliding base-isolation of large structures under the excitation of underground explosion are investigated.

试验研究了形状记忆合金材料的力学性能，建立了SMA材料的本构模型；研制了一种SMA复合橡胶隔震支座，数值仿真分析了应用SMA复合橡胶支座的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的隔震效果，从而验证了SMA复合橡胶支座的自适应隔震性能及其震后自恢复能力；研制了一种SMA阻尼器，试验研究了SMA阻尼器的力学性能，建立了SMA阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于SMA阻尼器的大跨桥梁结构自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真与模型试验验证了大跨桥梁结构SMA阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；研制了一种MRF-04K型磁流变阻尼器，试验研究了MR阻尼器的力学性能，建立了MR阻尼器的恢复力模型，建立了基于MR阻尼器的大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构的自适应控制理论与方法，通过数值仿真和模型试验验证了大跨桥梁和高层建筑结构MR阻尼器自适应控制的有效性与可靠性；还建立了大跨桥梁结构的子结构损伤识别的理论与方法，研究了土-结构动力相互作用对不同隔震和控制措施的减震控制效果的影响以及地下爆炸波作用下各类大型结构的灾害响应与滑移隔震。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。