土柱

Vesic's solutions to cavity expansion that include cylindrical cavity expansion and spherical cavity expansion are introduced. Then cylindrical cavity expansion theory is applied to study compaction effect of pile driving in saturated soil. Based on the results of conventional triaxial tests, a trilinear curve model is used to simulate stress-strain curve of strain-softening materials. Meanwhile, trilinear curves are also used to simulate curves of volumetric strain, minor principal strain and major principal strain. By using elasto-plastic theory, analytical solutions to cylindrical cavity expansion in strain-softening soil are presented. According to the mechanism of statically pressed pile driving, compaction effect of pile tip can be viewed as hemispheric cavity expansion. Therefore spherical cavity expansion theory is applied to obtain the solutions to stress, strain, displacement fields and final pressure. Resistance force of pile tip is calculated to estimate static pressure.

介绍了Vesic关于圆孔扩张问题的解答，其中包括柱形孔扩张问题和球形孔扩张问题，并应用柱形孔扩张理论分析了饱和软土中的沉桩挤土效应问题；在常规三轴试验成果的基础上，采用三折线模型模拟具有应变软化性质的岩土材料的应力应变关系曲线，分析了在应变软化土体中沉桩时桩周土的位移场、应力场和应变场的变化，得到了解析解答；分析了静压桩的沉桩机理，并利用球形孔扩张理论，视桩端处的挤土为半个球形孔的扩张，分析了桩端处土的位移场、应力场和应变场的变化，并根据最终扩张压力计算出沉桩时的桩端阻力，可作为压桩力的估算。

Over the pillared saponite by the impulse reaction, while it was only ～4％ for the pillared montmorillonite, indicating that the substitutions in the tetrahedral sheets played an important role in the development of Bronsted acidity of the catalyst.

层柱皂石的异丙苯裂解转化率达到了65％；而层柱蒙脱土的转化率只有4％。这说明层材料的四面体取代对于层柱粘土Bronsted酸位的形成具有重要的决定作用。

By temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, pillared saponite showed high strong acidity in the temperature range 350～650℃.

氨程序升温脱附实验发现铝柱皂石在350～650℃区间具有较强的氨脱附量，表明层柱皂石具有层柱蒙脱土所没有的强酸中心。

It is found that TiO2/pillared MMT (TiO2/MMT) composite catalyst exhibits the best degradation activity to methylene blue and methyl orange compared with other semicondutors/MMT, such as SnO2/MMT, Fe2O3/MMT and Cu2O/MMT with different energy gaps that is closely correlated with the formation of stable pillar stucture and appropriate energy gap in the TiO2/MMT.

在对具有不同能带宽度的TiO2、SnO2、Fe2O3和Cu2O四种半导体/蒙脱土复合催化剂的研究中，发现TiO2柱撑蒙脱土(TiO2/MMT)对亚甲基蓝和甲基橙有最好的光催化降解活性，这是与其形成稳定的层柱结构和TiO2具有合适的能带宽度密切相关的。

In the multi-storey and tall building structures of reinforced concrete, the foundation of double or more columns usually needs to be designed into a whole because of being subjected to the influence of many factors such as the distance of column axes, the load of superstructure and the property of subsoils. This kind of double or more columns combined foundation is widely used in the engineering.

在钢筋混凝土多、高层建筑结构中，因受柱间距、上部结构荷载、地基土特性等多因素的影响，常常需要将双柱、甚至多柱的基础设计成一个整体，这种双柱或多柱的联合基础在工程中应用十分普遍。

Some conclusions are drawn as follows: The total tendency of socles is basin-shaped settlement which is bigger in the middle position socles than the peripheral position socles before the pile foundation underpinning. Pile foundation underpinning augments the differential settlements. After soil excavation, middle position socles rebound obviously owing to unloading action, which lessens the differential settlements between middle and peripheral position socles.

从沉降分析的结果可以看出：桩基托换前，地基总的沉降趋势是中间部位柱脚大于周边部位柱脚的&盆式沉降&；桩基础托换后，柱脚处的沉降差进一步增大；土方开挖后，由于下层土被&卸载&，中间部位柱脚处的地基明显回弹，使得中间部位柱脚与周边部位柱脚的沉降差出现了减少的趋势。

Thrusted-expanded lime-soil compaction pile method thrusted-expanded a hammer and lime-soil compaction fill the integration of soil to achieve the purpose of the rule territories through the pile of soil compaction of the salt and lime-soil filling replacement, cementing sclerosis Such as the role of soil has been effective reinforcement.

柱锤冲扩灰土挤密桩法将柱锤冲扩成孔与灰土填料挤密相结合，实现了以土治土的目的，通过对桩周土体的挤密和灰土的冲填置换、胶凝硬化等作用使地基土体得到了有效的加固。

At present, most of studies about the two-region model are all focused on modeling solute transport in laboratory short soil column at small scale.

目前，用于模拟土壤中溶质运移过程的两区模型的研究均集中在实验室的短土柱上，涉及的尺度较小。

For studying the process and result of nitrogen pollution and transformation in agricultural areas in different situations, four sand column experiments were done.

为研究不同条件下农田区氮污染和氮转化的过程及结果，进行了4个土柱的模拟实验。

Characteristics of elements leaching from waste printed circuit boards was studied through sand column tests. Leaching concentrations of elements from waste PCBs increased greatly with decrease of pH.

通过室内土柱淋溶实验，研究模拟酸雨对废弃线路板组成元素的影响，并分析了浸出液的组分特征和变化规律。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了