土壤调查

Multi-aim geochemistry agrology survey in deeply overcast areas serves to the evaluation of the agriculture, environment, mineral resources and study of the fundamental geology. In this paper, we discuss emphatically the restrict mechanism between the activation of mineral elements and their contents of CaCO3 and pH, and show the importance of the study of soil pH and CaCO3 for agriculture and environment protection.

深覆盖区多目标地球化学调查，旨在通过土壤地球化学测量，为农业、环境、矿产资源评价及基础地质研究服务，作者重点阐述了土壤pH值、 CaCO3含量与土壤矿质元素活化之间的制约机理，论述深覆盖区多目标地球化学调查要实现服务于农业、服务于生态环境保护的目标，就必须加强对土壤pH值及CaCO3含量调查研究。

Based on GIS and RS,land use data for 1965,1988,2003,which were got by digitizing relief map and classifying two landsat TM/ETM images,and soil data by digitizing soil map were used to estimate SCS hydrological model parameter.

在GIS支持下，以1965年西双版纳地形图及1988、2003年两期Landsat TM/ETM卫星影像获取的土地利用数据及实地土壤调查资料确定模型参数，通过分析CN值的变化来反映土地利用变化对径流的影响。

This paper deals with status of eight heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn) in the soil from the Fengrun region, Tangshan City, Hebei province and quality evaluation of the soil. The result of the investigation indicates that: 1. the study area soil is neutral — alkaline — strongly alkaline;2. the organic matter content is widespread low;3. high concentrations of all heavy metals distribute in the localities where there are intensive mankind's activities. The most outstanding localities are Xiaodaodi village, Shawoxin village, Puzhuangzi village, Qianxinzhuang village, Xuezhuang village and Hancheng town. The main pollutant exhausting enterprises in study area are Guofurunxing Milk Ltd., the hennery, Jinxiang chemical fibre factory, Tangshan Fuming steel Ltd.

本文通过实地调查收集资料和实验室测试结果，对河北省唐山市丰润地区进行了土壤中汞、镉、铅、砷、铜、铬、镍、锌八种重金属污染程度调查，调查结果表明：研究区土壤为中性—碱性—强碱性，有机质含量普遍偏低，所有的重金属高值区都分布在人类活动较多的地区，最突出的有小稻地村、沙窝新村、蒲庄子村、前新庄村、薛庄村和韩城镇；研究区内影响土壤质量的主要企业有：国富润兴奶业有限公司、养鸡场、金翔化纤厂、唐山市福明钢铁有限公司、废品加工厂、唐山市宏达建材机械厂和蓝箭衡器厂。

In this paper, as a case of Karamay, we have studied on space-time changement of soil quality in oasis of arid area. We measured quality for different land use types and years in same type by combinativing field sampling for Karamay in Xinjiang and analysis in laboratory, which is directed by former theory of soil quality. Then we did integrated evaluation of soil quality for different land use types, and had drew some conclusions as followed: In four land use types, the soil bulk density of layers(0～15cm) for farmland and tree land is bigger than the other land use types.The organic matter of every layer in manpower Tamarix Bulrush land is bigger; organic matter of Tamarix Bulrush land release efficiency nitrogen which result ration of C/N is higher; total nitrogen of all layers in farmland variety great as being effected by mass use of nitrogen in agriculture; deadwood and defoliation of tree、shrub and bulrush pooled in 5cm layer to result that quick nitrogen is the biggest among all layers. The total salt of nature shrub tree land for every layer being bigger than farmland explain that nature shrub thee land strongly stand salt and farmland for basification in this area; that the nutrient of face layer is bigger than the ground layer may be explained by that vegetation gather nutrient to be stored in deadwood and defoliation.

本文对以克拉玛依为例，对干旱区绿洲土壤质量的时间空间变化进行研究，在有关土壤质量的研究理论指导下，通过田间调查取样和室内分析相结合的方法，对新疆克拉玛依市农业开发区的不同土地利用方式及同一土地利用方式下不同利用年限土样土壤理化性质进行测定，从而对新垦绿洲不同土地利用类型土壤质量进行综合评价，结果如下：四种土地利用方式中，农地、乔木林地表层(0-15cm)土壤容重较大；各土层人工柽柳芦苇地的土壤有机质含量均较大；柽柳芦苇地的有机质在矿化过程中所释放出有效氮，导致柽柳芦苇地的C/N比例较高；受到农业耕作使用大量氮肥的影响，农地各土层全氮含量变异较明显；乔木、灌木及芦苇的枯枝落叶主要集中在5cm范围之内，导致几种土地利用方式类型下该层土壤速效氮最大；天然灌木林地的土壤总盐在各层均较大，其次是农地，说明天然灌木林地的高耐盐能力，以及该区农业生产用地的土壤盐碱化程度较重。

With the soil planted the konjac as the investigation and study object and planted corn as CK, the soil organic carbon, soil active organic matter, soil entire nitrogen, edaphon quantity and edaphon community structure was determined. The change of soil carbon nitrogen, edaphon carbon nitrogen and edaphon bacterium and fungus was analyzed.

方法］以种植魔芋地的土壤作为调查研究对象，用种植玉米的土壤作为对照，测定土壤有机碳、土壤活性有机质、土壤全氮、土壤微生物量和土壤微生物群落结构，分析土壤碳氮、土壤微生物碳氮和土壤微生物细菌和真菌的变化。

Hence, it is a feasible new method worth extrapolating in soil survey and mapping.

应用该方法制作大比例尺土壤详图不失为土壤调查与制图领域一种可行的新方法。

Main contents of the course includes: related conceptions, matter of soil, soil texture, soil organic matter, soil humus, soil structure, soil moisture, soil air, soil acidity and soil alkalinity, soil colloid, cation exchange, soil former soil-forming process, soil classification, distributions and properties of soil great group in China (fores soil, steppe soil, main non-zonal soil, paddy soil, etc), soil erosion, soil contamination, soil utilization, conservation of soil resource, soil investigation, etc.

土壤地理学是地理科学专业的主要基础课程之一，是一门必修课程；要求掌握土壤地理学基本的理论、知识和方法；主要内容有：有关概念、土壤组成物质、土壤质地、土壤有机质、土壤腐殖质、土壤结构、土壤水分、土壤空气、土壤酸碱性、土壤胶体、土壤阳离子交换、土壤形成因素、土壤形成过程、土壤分类、中国主要土壤类型（森林土壤、草原土壤、主要的非地带性土壤、水稻土等）的分布及其性质、土壤侵蚀、土壤污染、土壤资源的利用与保护、土壤调查研究等。

3 Through inquiring, inspecting, contrasting and analysing the information of soil basis classification, the Soil Taxonomy of Hubei province is established. The soils for Hubei province are divided into 10 soil orders, 16 suborders, 35 great groups and 54 subgroups. Compared with international soil systematics such as the American Soil

1.2 通过对数据库系统的查询检索，可快速地获得全省160多个典型剖面的景观特征、诊断指标和诊断属性等标准化的土壤信息数据，从而得到全省土壤系统分类的土系分类归属，可为全省土壤调查、土地资源评价与规划提供基础资料。

Throughout this period in the UK Australia and Wageningen Peter was engaged in the development and implementation of advanced computer and statistical methods for practical soil survey.

在整个英国，澳大利亚时期，荷兰瓦赫宁根，彼得从事开发和先进的计算机和实际土壤调查统计方法的实现。

Furthermore, method was adaptive to point, line-transect and plot surveys, thus it could be applied well to other kinds of soil survey activities.

该方法对土壤调查以及其他野外工作具有较高的应用价值。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐