土壤覆盖

My Office is located in Zhejiang Province Tianmushan University, has rich forest resources, particularly resources are particularly rich pecan, pecan is a kind of epicarp environmental protection, low-cost coverage of a new type of garden materials, and its contains a biochemical factor that can effective in the soil to kill pests; and can increase the green color, rich green texture, landscaping, green landscape and green land; to prevent dust and soil erosion, improve air quality, so that a more pleasant environment; reduce transpiration, especially in summer, be conducive to maintaining soil moisture, prevent soil knot board, to maintain temperature, saving water, at the same time to effectively control weeds.

我处位于浙江省的天目山系，有丰富的森林资源，特别是山核桃资源尤为丰富，山核桃的外果皮是一种环保、价廉的新型园林覆盖资材，其含有一种生物化学因子，能有效的杀死土壤中的害虫；并且能增加绿地色彩，丰富绿地质感，美化、绿化园林绿地；防止扬尘和水土流失，提高空气质量，使环境更优美；减少蒸腾，特别是夏天，有利于保持土壤水份，防止土壤结板，保持温度，节约水源，同时能有效的控制杂草生长。

In this experiment, there was no significant difference between R and H treatment. The soil pondage of Z treatment was less than that of R and H, which indicated that Z treatment was disadvantageous to soil water infiltration under irrigation conditions because Z was covered by straw and had high density.

模式之间比较，旋耕和耙耕模式土壤贮水量差异不显著，免耕模式小于旋耕和耙耕模式，表明在灌溉条件下，免耕模式由于地表秸秆覆盖加之土壤表层容重变大，不利于土壤水分的下渗。

The paper focuses on the tetraploidy black locust on Loess plaeatu of West Shanxi province, applys steady state promoter method and image processing technology to study the days transpiration water consumption in different weather ,different seasons and different site conditions,has primary analysis on the impact of environment on the transpiration and carries on the calculation to the tetraploidy locust tree by the single leaf water consumption to the single tree water consumption in CaiJiachuan watershed; Uses fast weighing method to measure and analyze the transpiration water consumption of five different herbs under the tetraploidy black locust forest (Capillary Wormwood,Vanilla,Agropyron Sristatum , Common Sowthistle and Medicago Sativa) in short time, in the same and different growcrop,and calculates the average transpiration water consumption per square metres ;the soil colome weighing method was used for determining diumal variation quantity of soil moisture evaporation, analyzing the dynamic variation and caculating the total quantity of soil evaporation water consumption from May to August ; then 5 kind of suppositions about the types of surface vegetation coverage are proposed in experimented site and the total evapotranspiration water consumption are calculated under 5 suppoitions ,aim at providing preliminary theoretic basis for ascertaining the transpiration water consumption of tetraploidy black locust forest,controling standing forest density and optimizing the forest grass deploy on loess plaeatu of west Shanxi province .

本文以两种不同立地条件下的四倍体刺槐林为研究对象，采用了气孔计法对蔡家川流域生长季内不同天气状况下(典型晴天、阴天和半阴天)四倍体刺槐日蒸腾耗水规律、不同季节(生长季初期、中期和末期)的蒸腾耗水规律、两种不同立地条件下四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水比较以及影响四倍体刺槐蒸腾耗水的环境因子进行初步研究分析，并对四倍体刺槐由单叶耗水量向单株耗水量进行推算；采用经典快速连续称重法对四倍体刺槐林地生长的主要5种草本植物(白蒿、香青兰、冰草、苦苣和苜蓿)短时段内蒸腾耗水规律、不同生长季内蒸腾耗水规律、同一生长季不同种类草本植物蒸腾耗水量进行了比较分析，并且采用面积与重量比的方法推算出了单位面积四倍体刺槐林地几种主要草本植物平均蒸腾耗水量：采用土柱称重法测定了5月份～8月份土壤水分蒸发昼夜变化量、对试验期内土壤蒸发量动态变化作了分析、推算出了试验地5月份～8月份土壤蒸发耗水总量；对试验地地表植被覆盖类型提出了5种假设，推算出5种假设的情景下蒸散耗水总量，旨在为晋西黄土区四倍体刺槐林蒸腾耗水量的确定、林分密度调控以及林草优化配置等提供初步的理论依据。

The surveyed results show that as compared to the uncovered vegetation area, the existence of soil microbiotic crusts in the Tengger Desert region significantly increases the diversity and abundance of insect species, especially the diversity and abundance in the quadrats mainly covered by moss and lichen crusts are significantly higher than those in the quadrats mainly covered by cyanobacteria and algal crusts.

结果表明：与无结皮覆盖的植被区相比，生物土壤结皮在地表的覆盖显著地增加了昆虫的多样性和种的丰富度，其中以苔藓和地衣为主的结皮覆盖的植被样方中昆虫种的多样性和丰富度显著地高于以蓝藻和藻类为主的结皮样方。

It is shown by the results of observation and analysis on the tests of water collection and saving utilization of hillside orchards located in the gullied rolling loess area that to build two encircling water collection works in the orchard to store excess rain.

对黄土丘陵沟壑区山地果园集流节水利用的定位试验观测和分析的结果表明：将果园修成&回&字形集水面，将超渗产流蓄贮，既可以减少果园水土流失，又能满足果树旱季用水；采用地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖、绿色覆盖措施可以有效地减少地面蒸发，调节地表温度，增加土壤有机质，达到高效利用雨水资源的目的。

Mulch forms a barrier between the soil and the air. As a result, mulched soil will be cooler in the summertime. And in winter, it may not freeze as deeply as areas without mulch.

盖土形成土壤与空气之间的屏障，其结果是，被覆盖的土壤在夏季会较凉爽，而在冬季，不会让土壤像没有盖土的区域一样冻得那么深。

The results showed that different tillage patterns could improve soil water storage,the soil laer of no-tillage was covered by straws between 0 to 20 cm held water(4.542±0.894)×10~5 L/hm~2;Under no-tillage with full-straw mulching average soil temperature at 0～20 cm decreased...

结果表明：不同的保护性耕作措施均可提高土壤水分含量，其中留茬旋耕处理的土壤贮水量最高，达(4.542±0.894)×105L/hm2；在玉米播种前期及苗期，免耕覆盖处理降低土壤温度1~2℃，而整个生育期留茬旋耕处理与传统耕作处理的土壤温度相近；苗期，留茬旋耕处理的玉米株高、根长、鲜重和干重均优于其它处理，促进了玉米的生长发育；不同的保护性耕作措施均可提高玉米的产量，与传统耕作相比可增产

The results showed that different tillage patterns could improve soil water storage, the soil laer of no-tillage was covered by straws between 0 to 20cm held water (4.542±0.894)×10^5L/hm^2 Under no-tillage with full-straw mulching average soil temperature at 0~20cm decreased 1~2℃ during early corn growing period; In early season of corn growth, minimum-tillage with 1/3-straw mulching would promot the growth; Compared with the conventional tillage, economic yields could increase

结果表明：不同的保护性耕作措施均可提高土壤水分含量，其中留茬旋耕处理的土壤贮水量最高，达(4.542±0.894)×10^5L/hm^2；在玉米播种前期及苗期，免耕覆盖处理降低土壤温度1~2℃，而整个生育期留茬旋耕处理与传统耕作处理的土壤温度相近；苗期，留茬旋耕处理的玉米株高、根长、鲜重和干重均优于其它处理，促进了玉米的生长发育；不同的保护性耕作措施均可提高玉米的产量，与传统耕作相比可增产

In low yield region,"life-maintaining water"should be guaranteed and otherconstruction should be enforced.3.NT altered soil surface condition for mulch cover and without tillage.NT improved availablesoil water for summer corn growth.Stronger"source and pool"and sound crop structure werebuilt in NT system.

覆盖免耕减少了土壤蒸发，具有较优越的土壤水分状况，同时增加了作物蒸腾，在一定程度上缓解了因降雨分配不均导致夏玉米需水与土壤供水的矛盾，提高了作物产量和水分利用效率。

There were 75 soil series of covering different landforms,Parent material,soil types in Hubei Province are identified,which belong to 55 subgroups,36 great groups,17 suborders and 10 orders according to Chinese Soil Taxonomy.

以《中国土壤系统分类》以及《土壤基层分类试用方案》为准则，以特征土层为土系主要划分依据，建立了覆盖湖北省不同地貌、母质、土壤类型共75个土系，归属于《中国土壤系统分类》的55个亚类，36个土类，17个亚纲，10个土纲。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。