土壤覆盖

Multi-aim geochemistry agrology survey in deeply overcast areas serves to the evaluation of the agriculture, environment, mineral resources and study of the fundamental geology. In this paper, we discuss emphatically the restrict mechanism between the activation of mineral elements and their contents of CaCO3 and pH, and show the importance of the study of soil pH and CaCO3 for agriculture and environment protection.

深覆盖区多目标地球化学调查，旨在通过土壤地球化学测量，为农业、环境、矿产资源评价及基础地质研究服务，作者重点阐述了土壤pH值、 CaCO3含量与土壤矿质元素活化之间的制约机理，论述深覆盖区多目标地球化学调查要实现服务于农业、服务于生态环境保护的目标，就必须加强对土壤pH值及CaCO3含量调查研究。

It was found that, for the control treatment the average runoff depth was 3.72mm per 10mm, the water loss index was 37.2%, the average soil erosion was 43.6 kg*hm-2*10mm-1, and the soil erosion modulus was 7.42 t*km-2*a-1, which are all high in the 4 treatments. For the other three treatments, the surface runoff and the average soil erosion amount were 2.20%-67.08%and 43.81%-90.83%lower than those of the control, respectively. The most effective pattern for soil conservation was the artificial forest with underbrush treatment, and the best water conservation pattern was the treatment of planting tea bush on contour terrace.

结果表明，CK的平均径流深度为3.72 mm/10 mm，降水流失率为37.2%，平均每10mm降雨的土壤侵蚀量为43.6kg*hm-2，年土壤侵蚀模数为7.42 t*hm-2；其它3个不同植被覆盖处理的地表径流量比裸地对照降低2.20%～67.08%，平均土壤侵蚀量减少43.81%～90.83%；林下地表覆盖处理的保土效果最好，等高梯田种植茶树处理的保水效果最好。

As a part of "Outstanding Young Researcher project- Water Erosion Predicting model", the purpose of this study is to do research on the method for estimating Cover and Management Factor in China, to evaluate the effects of crop cover in different stages by estimating soil loss ratio of individual crop stage period, and to compare the effects of different land use patterns by their average annual value of C factor.

本研究作为杰出青年基金项目《土壤水蚀预报模型研究》的一部分，目的在于探讨我国覆盖与管理因子的计算方法，估计不同耕作制度下农地多年平均C值；通过估计不同农作期土壤流失率评价作物发育不同时期对土壤侵蚀的作用；通过估计多年平均覆盖与田间管理因子分析不同土地利用方式的水土保持效益。

Temporal and spatialcorrelation of Soil moisture under vertical direction was affected by some factor such asmeteorology, land use and fertilization measures. All siol moisture in different layers hastemporal and spatial correlation when soil moisture fluctuates of surface layer becausestability, but influence ability of each factor is not the same. For example, meteorologyhas most strong impact on temporal and spatial correlation of soil water content.

在气象条件较稳定的情况下，不同植被覆盖和不同施肥措施下各土层含水量之间都具有较强的时空相关性，随着气象条件波动加剧，各土层土壤含水量的时间相关性和空间相关性都降低；植被因素相对气象条件对各土层含水量的时间自相关性影响较小，而对各土层土壤含水量之间的空间相关性影响较大，裸地和农田各土层土壤含水量之间的空间相关性相对林地和草地较弱；不同的施肥水平都削弱了土壤各土层含水量的时空相关性。

The vertical distribution of soil water also changed obviously. Soil layer 0-20cm was greatly impacted by the outside conditions and had greater coefficient of variance than the sub-layer. The greater water was consumed the more significant water shortage was showed in surface soil under sodding culture.

此外，稻草覆盖和自然覆被分别抑制了69.10%和36.53%的土壤蒸发，其蒸发抑制作用在午间高温时段表现尤为明显，使得更多的水分以植物蒸腾（稻草覆盖15.71％、自然覆被7.30%）和土壤蓄留的方式支出，并且分别降低了20.55mm和14.33mm的水分支出。

Field survey, sampling and testing were used to discuss the characteristics of soil water content between different subsidence stages. The results show that after mining collapsing, the soil water content and soil water storage capacity of subsidence area is obviously less than the nature area, especially for the fissure zone. It is indicated that the collapsing fissures are extremely disadvantageous for soil water-holding capacity and the conditions of vegetational cover on the subsidence area also confirmed this result.

现以神府东胜煤田为研究背景，选择两个主要塌陷阶段分布区大柳塔矿区双沟村原农场和补连塔矿区原补连沟村作为研究区，采用野外勘查、取样测试与室内参数分析综合研究的方法，对采矿塌陷不同阶段表层包气带土壤水分进行对比分析，结果表明，采矿塌陷后，塌陷区尤其是塌陷裂缝区的土壤含水量与土壤储水量值均小于未塌陷区，说明塌陷裂缝对土壤的持水作用具有非常不利的影响，塌陷区与未塌陷区的地表植被覆盖情况也证实了这一点。

The paper deals with the effect of long-term fertilization and mulching on the functional diversity of soil microbial community using Biolog technique.

应用Biolog技术探讨了不同施肥处理与地膜覆盖对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响，从微生物功能多样性的角度评价施肥与地膜覆盖对土壤质量的影响。

The objective of the research is to realizing the effects of mulching with different straw composts and thickness on landscape soil properties. The corn, wheat and coton straw composts were used as mulch with 3, 6 and 9 cm thick, to study the effects of landscape mulching with different straw composts and different thickness treatments on soil properties.

为了了解不同类型不同厚度的作物秸秆腐解物的覆盖在园林上的应用效果，采用玉米、小麦、棉花秸秆的腐解物为覆盖材料，覆盖3、6、9 cm，研究了不同秸秆腐解物及不同厚度覆盖对土壤理化性状的影响。

The history and present situation in application and reseache on various kind of mulches in plant cultivations was reviewed, evaluated and conclusion drawn as such: target orientated studies by simulation method on how mulch material and mulching technology effect on the light performance and the soil moisture, heat and salt transport are of high priority.

本文对各种地面覆盖材料在作物栽培中应用与研究的历史和现状进行了回顾、讨论和分析，得出了以下结论：覆盖材料对作物效应的研究，关键在于弄清不同覆盖材料及不同覆盖工艺对光及土壤水、热、盐运移的影响规律。

The simulating models about the change of soil water content under plastic mulch were established by analysing the changes of soil water balance after mulching.

通过分析地膜覆盖后土壤水分平衡的变化特点，建立了地膜覆盖前后农田土壤湿度变化的模拟方程。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。