土壤生物

Then,the mechanisms of PAHs accumulation,transfer and biodegradation and its effecting factors were elucidated combining field survey and laboratory simulation methods and environmental geochemistry,agrology and biology subjects.

本研究选择典型土壤/沉积物—生物系统，通过实地资料收集与室内分析与模拟相结合的方法，联合环境地球化学、土壤学、与生物学等学科，研究了典型土壤/沉积物—生物系统中PAHs的累积、迁移与降解机制与影响因素。

The effect of azotobacter fertilizer on living activity, soil fertility, yield, total nutrient and crop quantity is studied at the different level of using nitrogen .in the calciform soil by the rape potted plant biology analogue experiment, in order that the best scope of valid applying azotobacter fertilizer is determined. It can offer theoretic basis for searching ways of biology controlling to high yields and qualities, optimization directions for products of special compound fertilizer and valid using.

本文通过油菜盆栽生物模拟试验，研究了在不同施氮水平下，石灰性土壤上固氮菌肥料对土壤微生物活性，养分以及油菜的生物产量、全量养分和品质的影响，旨在确定固氮菌肥料有效应用的最佳土壤氮素范围，为探求油菜作物高产优质的生物调控途径及专性生物复合肥的优化配比提供理论依据。

Little is known about the influence of minerals and other soil factors on the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma spp.The objectives of this study were to first evaluate the take-all–suppressive activity of T.koningii in field soils representative of the wheat-growing region in the Pacific Northwest of the United States,and then to identify abiotic edaphic parameters that are positively and negatively associated with the biocontrol activity of T.koningii in these soils.Such information will be usefulin selecting sites where T.koningii can be expected to perform optimally;in developing formulations that enhance biocontrol;and perhaps in indicating factors that favor mechanisms involved in the biocontrol activity of this strain such as antibiotic and enzyme biosynthesis.

知之甚少，对矿物和其它土壤因素对生物活性木霉镰刀本研究的目的首先评估全蚀抑制活性t.koningii土壤代表小麦种植区在西北太平洋的美国，然后找出生物土壤参数有积极和消极与生物防治活性t.koningii在soils.such这些信息将有助于在选择地点，可以t.koningii预计进入最佳状态；在发展制剂提高生物防治；或许说明因素，有利于参与机制，在生物防治活动，这株如抗生素和酶的合成。

Some soil chemical properties, as pH of soils, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate, ferriferous oxide and organic matter are studied. Chromium speciation is mainly affected by soil pH, CEC and calcium carbonate, but little by ferriferous oxide and organic matter.

所研究的土壤化学性质中，土壤pH值、阳离子交换量以及碳酸盐量对土壤铬形态分布及生物有效性影响较大，铁氧化物与有机质含量对土壤铬形态的分布及生物有效性有一定的影响。

Results from the experiment indicated that the content of petroleum hydrocarbon was decreased greatly after the biodegradation of 47 days,and the inoculable microbe had some effects on the bioremediation of soil contaminated by petroleum.

利用所得的天然混合菌组以及筛选菌种的组合在土壤相条件下对石油烃的生物降解进行尝试，结果表明，经过47 d的生物降解，土壤中石油烃的含量有大幅度的降低，接种微生物对生物修复石油污染土壤能起到一定作用。

By field sampling, some original soil microbiotic crusts were gathered and their physico-chemical properties were analyzed. The results revealed that the longer the sand dunes have been fixed, the thicker and the more biocrusts are formed. The thickness of the crusts under four different types of plant community ranges within 0.3 ~ 1.5cm.

物理结皮通常是土壤粘粒在雨水、径流等外力的物理作用下，使土壤表层孔隙堵塞而成型的一层土表硬壳；生物结皮是有不同种类的低等生物组分与其下很薄的土壤共同形成的一个复合的生物土壤层[2]。

Corn seedling were grown for 5 harvests in pot experiments to evaluate potassium supplycapacity of the soils.Results indicated that when soil avaliable potassium decreased,the dryplant matter was firstly affected,secondly was the total uptake of potassium by plant,then was thepotassium content in plant.Exchangeable,nonexchangeable and mineral potassium wereavaliable for plant,but the contribution of each potassium form was depended on soil types.

本文在研究褐土、潮土不同层次土壤的供钾特性、土壤各形态钾素的动力学行为以及小麦根系对钾素的吸收动力学特征的基础上，以玉米幼苗从土壤中的吸钾量为对照，考察了土壤钾素动力学特征与土壤钾素生物有效性的关系，运用热力动力学理论建立了土—根系统中的钾素能态链，并确立了土壤钾素生物有效性的能态指标。

The results show that 42.86% topsoil samples are polluted by Cadmium, soil synthesis pollution index is moderate, Cadmium pollution degree of topsoil correlate with the environment of sampling sites. The results also show that exchangeable Cd, carbonate-bound Cd, organic-bound Cd and residual Cd are found in all soil samples except for Fe-Mn oxide-bound Cd. Furthermore, the concentration of exchangeable Cd and carbonate-bound Cd, both which have high biological validity, is high. Humus has a certain correlation with exchangeable Cd, organic-bound Cd and residual Cd, and has no obvious correlation with other chemical speciations. Any chemical speciation of Cd has no obvious correlation with pH and total Fe of soil samples. Cadmium in topsoil can be eluviated by acid solution, the quantity of Cadmium eluviated by redistilled water is little. With the rise of pH of eluviating solution, eluviated Cadmium quantity decrease. For the same soil sample, the lower pH value of eluviating solution is, the more fast the Cadmium is eluviated, and the more thequantity of Cadmium is eluviated.

研究结果表明：成都市表生土壤样中有42.86%受镉污染，镉综合污染水平达中度污染，成都市表生土壤镉污染程度与采样点周围环境表现出一定的相关性；除铁锰氧化物结合态镉在部分土壤样中未检出外，所有土壤样均含有可交换态镉、碳酸盐结合态镉、有机结合态镉、残留态镉，且生物有效性较高的可交换态镉和碳酸盐结合态镉占总镉量比例较高；成都市表生土壤中的腐殖质与可交换态镉、有机结合态镉、残留态镉有一定相关性，与碳酸盐结合态镉、铁锰氧化物结合态镉相关性不显著；各形态镉与土壤pH值和全铁的相关性均不显著；土壤中的镉可被酸溶液淋出，重蒸馏水淋出镉量十分微小；随着淋滤液pH值的升高，土壤样的镉淋出量下降，且0～5小时时段的镉淋出量占镉总淋出量比例下降，5～30小时时段的镉淋出量占镉总淋出量的比例上升，对同一土壤样而言，酸度大的淋滤液比酸度小的淋滤液淋出镉速度更快，淋出镉量更大。

Microbial Organic Fertilizer contains large amount of organic substances and soilavailable microbe. During life activities process of SABs, a great deal of organic acid wasproduced, available form of N, P and K were released continually. These effects could improve soilphysical, chemical properties and soil fertility, take positive role for planting of Alfalfa in salineland and amendment of saline land. So research and application of MOF is important for saline landamendment and usage.

生物有机肥中含有大量的有机质、土壤有益微生物，其所含的有益微生物在其生命活动过程中，能产生大量有机酸，不断释放出土壤中的迟效态氮磷钾，能有效改善土壤的理化性质，提高土壤肥力，这些因素都会对盐碱地种植苜蓿和改良盐碱土起到一定的积极作用，因此研究利用生物有机肥改良、利用盐碱土具有重要的意义。

Statistic analysis showed that soil temperature as the driving factor to the diurnal variation of soil respiration. Soil temperature and soil moisture were the dominant environmental factors affecting the seasonal variation of soil respiration and explained 87% of its variability. LAI and root biomass were positively related to soil respiration rate, indicating that biotic factors also affected the seasonal variation of soil respiration. However, soil properties such as soil organic content, total nitrogen content, and C/N ratio had poor correlations with soil respiration. Top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer increased soil respiration significantly.

统计分析表明：土壤温度是玉米生态系统土壤呼吸日变化的驱动因素；土壤温度和土壤水分是影响土壤呼吸季节变化的关键因素，二者可以解释玉米生长季土壤呼吸时间变异的87%；LAI和根系生物量与土壤呼吸速率呈正相关，说明生物因子对土壤呼吸季节变化也有影响；土壤有机质、全氮和碳氮比等土壤理化特性与土壤呼吸速率的关系较弱；玉米生长季追施氮肥明显促进土壤呼吸速率。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。