土壤微生物

The results showed that the soil catalase and dehydrogenase activities, soil microbial biomass N and microbial biomass C were restrain somewhat by four acetanilide herbicides at the beginning of cultivation, but can recover soon.

研究表明，培养初期丁草胺、乙草胺、丙草胺和异丙甲草胺对土壤过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性、对土壤微生物量氮和微生物量碳有不同程度的抑制，但均能很快恢复，四种供试酰胺类除草剂对土壤生态的影响不大，除草剂之间也没有表现出显著差异；培养初期rac-异丙甲草胺和S-isomer高浓度处理均比常规用药量处理对土壤酶、土壤BN和Bc的影响大。

Environment-friendly bast fiber film is buried in the ground floor of different soil pH value to study degradation and changes in the type and quantity of micro-organisms, to explore environment-friendly bast fiber film degradation relevance between micro-organisms and soil pH value. There are three types of soil, for example, weak acid soil, neutral soil, weak alkaline, in which film is buried. It is to determinate of weight loss and changes of quantity of micro-organisms around.

为了探明麻地膜降解性能与土壤pH和土壤微生物的相关性，利用生石灰调节土壤pH，将土壤pH调节为弱酸性、中性、弱碱性3个不同的水平，将麻地膜埋入3种不同的土壤中，定期测定其失重率及其周围土壤微生物种类和数量的变化。

The effect of long-time irrigation of petroleum wastewater on glebe microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in Shenfu irrigation area was studied.

以土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性等为土壤微生物变化指标，研究了含油污水长期灌溉对东北沈抚灌区农田土壤微生物的影响。

Soil-microorganisms system in two sites along Mosel river was chosen as typical soil-microorganisms system because the soil was highly polluted by PAHs and microorganisms were the majority of organisms.

土壤—微生物系统选择受PAHs污染严重且微生物为优势生物的Mosel河流沿岸土壤—微生物系统为例，研究结果发现，Temmels土壤添加的D_(10)-PA被很快释放，并被本土微生物迅速降解，在2周时间内降解了约92%，并在4周内降解了约99%，以后基本保持稳定。

The kinetics of degradation of healthy paddyfield ecosystem due to unreasonable fertilization are as follows.(1) The rice growth was interfered and the structure of microbe population was altered through applying excessive nitrogen fertilizer, while the yield of rice was decreased later and the secretion was reduced from rice root, which induced the Eh and the quantities of Bacterium and Actinomycetes declining, and the contents of MBC, MBN, MBP low in the soil. All of that made the capacity of accommodating nutrient weak in microbe ecosystem.

不合理施肥引起的稻田生态系统退化的动力学特征是：(1)重施氮肥首先使水稻植株生长受阻，同时改变土壤微生物种群结构，从而直接使水稻产量降低，稻田土壤生产力受损，并产生一系列不良次级反应：水稻生理活动减弱减少了根系分泌量，同时也降低了土壤Eh，使稻田土壤细菌、放线菌数量降低，MBC、MBN以及MBP含量下降，微生物保肥、供肥能力降低，从而土壤微生物生态系统功能弱化。

The results indicated that corn stalk and stubble rationing application of N fertilizer would increase the content of soil microbial biomass carbon. Soil pH buffer capacity was strengthened. Soil aggregate structure was improved. Corn stalk and stubble remained in field would be helpful to maintenance and liberation of soil available nutrients...

结果表明：玉米秸秆和根茬留田可增加土壤微生物量碳的含量，较对照和单施化肥土壤微生物量碳分别增加38.4％～84.9％和27.2％～51.6％；增强土壤pH值的缓冲性能；改善土壤团聚体结构；有利于土壤中氮、磷、钾、铜、锌、铁、锰等养分的释放与调控，为作物生长创造适宜的土壤生化环境。

The American Ginseng ,as the study objects, which grew in different years in Jiling and Beijing, were studied on Dynamics of Soil Microorganisms by separating, culturing, counting and identifying the edaphon among soil of American Ginsengs.

以吉林、北京两个产地不同年限西洋参根际土壤微生物为研究对象，对其土壤微生物进行分离、培养、计数和鉴定来研究土壤微生物区系的动态变化。

Being a protective tillage, the no-tillage means getting rid of not only the tillage before sowing, but also the intertill after sowing, and leaving the plant residue after harvesting.

中文题名稻田自然免耕体系土壤微生物及有机质周转研究副题名外文题名 Study on the microbial characteristics and the turnover of organic matter in paddy soil under a long-term no-tillage and ridge culture 论文作者张磊导师谢德体教授魏朝富研究员学科专业土壤学研究领域\研究方向土壤生物和生态学位级别博士学位授予单位西南农业大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数92页关键词稻田土壤生态学土壤有机质土壤微生物免耕馆藏号BSLW /2003 /S154 /1 免耕制是一种保护性耕作制，指同一块土壤在一定年限内，不仅免除播前耕作，也免除播后中耕，作物收获后直接将作物残茬留在土壤中的耕作方式。

Straw returned to field played a positive role in increasing soil insect communities with the largest contribution, primarily the amounts of individuals and dominant species of macro and meso/micro soil animal, especially Neanuridae and Isotomidae animals individual amounts increased by nearly 10 times.(3) Soil nutrien had a positive correlation with soil bacteria, azotobacter, ammonifying bacteria, cellulose decomposing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Straw returned to field could stimulate effective microorganisms growth and population quantity in the soil. The increase of microbe community amount is 15%~44% more than that of CK.(4) Soil nutrien had a positive correlation with soil phosphatase, urease and sucrase activities, and a negative correlation with catalase.

研究发现：(1)长期配施秸秆能提高土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量，平均分别提高15%、48%和22%；(2)配施秸秆对土壤昆虫群落呈正向作用且贡献最大，主要增加了大型、中小型农田土壤动物的个体总数和优势类群数量，尤其是疣跳科和等节跳科动物个体数量增加近10倍；(3)土壤养分与土壤细菌、固氮菌、氨化细菌、纤维分解菌和反硝化细菌呈正相关，秸秆还田激发土壤有益微生物的生长和类群数量，使土壤微生物类群数量比对照增加15%~44%；(4)土壤养分与土壤磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性呈正相关，与过氧化氢酶呈负相关，秸秆还田增强土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性，特别是脲酶和蔗糖酶活性平均提高26.5%。

The selection of an appropriate winter crop that is beneficial to rice crop and paddy soil is critical to sustainable crop production.

试验结果表明：几种冬季作物均提高了稻田土壤微生物碳、氮含量，黑麦草明显提高了土壤微生物量碳和微生物熵，紫云英明显提高了土壤微生物量氮。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。