土壤发生

In spite of its short history, it develops rapidly and is widely used in core correlation, material source identification, sediment tracing, ecosystem evolution, paleocliamtic and paleoenvironmental study, pedology, environmental pollution, oil and gas exploration and paleomagnetism.

尽管其历史不长，它的发展却异常迅速，在样芯对比、物质来源鉴别、泥沙运移示踪、流域生态环境演替、古气候和古环境研究、土壤发生学、环境污染、油气勘探、古地磁学等领域得到了广泛应用。

The content included (1) characterizing macropres shapes;(2) obtaining the index to charaterizing soil macropore quantificationally through digitalizing and analysising the photo of soil section;(3) comparing the shapes of macropores among soils, which reasons were discussed;(4) studying the influence of the zonal diversity, soil depth and land utilization on macropore characeristics;(5) estimating the space variability of macropore in the microscale using spore variability index;(6) analysising the connectivity and sinuosity of macropore using preferential flow breakthrough curve;(7) discussing the feasibility of indicating the preferential flow degree using macroporosity and macropore perimeter.

系统划分了大孔隙类型；描述了大孔隙形态；通过对土壤切片图像数字化处理和分析，获得了描述大孔隙特征的两个基本指标：大孔隙度和周长，并对大孔隙进行了定量化地描述；比较了各土类之间大孔隙的形态差异，从土壤发生学的角度对其原因进行了分析；研究了地带性差异、土壤层次和土地利用方式对大孔隙特征的影响；阐明了小尺度范围大孔隙的空间分布特征；结合Br〓标记优先水流穿透曲线分析了大孔隙的连通性和弯曲性，探讨大孔隙形态指标评价大孔隙优先水流作用强弱的可行性。

First of all, retreat of glaciers and shrink of perennial snowbank induced by climate warming provide parent materials and spatial room for soil formation and development in the maritime Antarctica. Meanwhile, melt water originating from glaciers and snow-ice covers enhances temporal and spatial availability of free water, which plays all-important roles both in periglacial processes and the processes within soil profiles, thus influencing soil genesis and evolution to a great degree.

首先，南极海洋性气候区日益加速的气候变暖现象导致冰川消退、地表积雪融化，为土壤形成与分布提供了母质与空间基础；同时，气候变暖导致自由水活动在时间和空间上的加强促进了以自由水为基础的土壤过程和冰缘地貌过程，对南极海洋性气候区土壤发生、发育产生深刻影响。

Scientific classification of soils is the basis of utilization and exploitation of soil resources. However, Soil Taxology, characterized by quantification, standardization and internationalization, is not popularized by far. So it is necessary to study its relationship with soil genesic classification and its application for agriculture and environment.

土壤的科学分类是土壤资源开发和利用的基础，土壤的系统分类以定量化、标准化和国际化为特点，但其大众化水平有待进一步提高，尚需加强与土壤发生分类的参比研究，并深化其在农业生产应用、土壤环境评价等方面的实践意义。

In this paper, data of 3061 surface (0~20 cm) soil samples containing 52 elements total contents and pH values obtained from Chengdu Economic Zone, Sichuan Province, are analyzed by cluster analysis, the numbers of which are equal to the group ones of soil genesic classification.

利用四川省成都经济区多目标地球化学调查获得的3061个浅层土壤样品(0~20cm)的52个元素全量和pH值分析数据，按照已知的土壤发生分类类数（8种土类）进行了样品聚类分析。

Based on soil desertification between agriculture and husbandry interlace zone in north of Shannxi Province, on the basis of theories of landscape ecology、land resource and principle of soil genesic science, through field surveying data and indoor analyzing, the properties of soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics are systemic analyzed about desertification soil of different vegetation cover rate and type, achieving primary achievements and important evolves are as follows:Ⅰ.

本研究基于当前全球荒漠化危害现状及国内外荒漠化防治中恢复生态学的发展需要，以陕北农牧交错带土地荒漠化问题为研究对象，应用景观生态学理论、土地资源学和土壤发生学的基本原理，在野外考察、资料收集和室内测定分析的基础上，对不同植被盖度和植被类型荒漠化土地的土壤理化性质和生物学性质进行系统分析，取得的主要成果如下： 1。

The placement of 11 taxa, formerly sorted on the subgroup level of the Chinese Soil Genetic Classification System, in CST was elucidated in the paper. All these soils studieds are classified into 5 CST Orders: Anthrosols, Ferrosols, Argosols, Cambosols and Primosols, 5 CST Suborders: Stagnic Anthrosols, Udic Ferrosols, Udic Argosols, Udic Cambosols and Orthic Primosols, 15 CST Group and 23 CST Subgroups.

阐述土壤发生分类体系的11个亚类级土壤类型在中国土壤系统分类中归为5个土纲，即人为土、富铁土、淋溶土、雏形土和新成土；5个亚纲，即水耕人为土、湿润富铁土、湿润淋溶土、湿润雏形土和正常新成土；15个土类和23个亚类。

When the soil behind and/or beneath such a wall liquefies, the pressure it exerts on the wall can increase greatly - enough to cause the wall to slide and/or tilt toward the water.

如果这些码头岸墙基底、或者背面的土壤发生液化，施加于岸墙上的压力将会骤然发生大幅的增加，甚至增大到足以使这些岸墙发生滑移或者向水面侧倾的程度。

The soil distribution correlates with the Ice-cap retreating process and the cosatal terraces, development in study area.

南极乔冶王岛菲尔德斯半岛土壤发生类型的空间分异与全新世区域冰帽退缩过程、海积阶地发育过程密切相关。

Overall, plant the root ball so that once some settling of the soil occurs, the trunk FLARE is at grade level.

总的来说，植物的根，因此，一旦有人定居的土壤发生时，躯干闪耀是在一年级。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失